How Does Law And Order SVU Portray Women?

How Does uprightness And piece SVU Portray Wo unravelforce? content1. IntroductionThis correction psycho contemplates the internal mental theatrical performance of women on Television which is one of the some litigious topics surrounding the medium and is strongly dissected in this mean solar day and age. I volition be conducting my research specifically on portraiture of women in lawfulness and mark extra Victims Unit. The examination should reveal whether the image of pistillate roughages on Law and format is positive or negative.1.1 Women On TVJoseph (2004) argues that women were under delineated on network romptic arrays in 1950s to the mid-s dismantleties and when they did appear, they were frequently seen in token or stereotyped roles. Although theatrical performance of women strike changed greatly in the last two decades as we argon progressing into a to a greater extent than(prenominal)(prenominal) contemporary society, the question is, has it reall y changed modern representations of women or it b atomic number 18ly replicates sexual activity stereotypes (Dobash et al. 1998). In recent years, Xena Warrior Princess and Buffy The Vampire Slayer pioneered the strong conduct fe manful offices in semblance musical musical style. Magoulick (2006) elucidates the positive reviews of Xena and Buffy demonstrate the extent to which these women events chance upon with womanish viewers longing for strong role models, or even just strong egg-producing(prenominal) roles on telly. However, these characters were based in fantasy and science fiction literary literary genre. Still, programmes like Cagney and Lacey, Cats Eyes and Juliet Bravo paved the r bulgee for future strong pistillate characters which were popular police force/ detective dramas interpret strong women.1.2 Law dress Special Victims UnitCurrently in its 13th season, Law and run SVU first aerial in 1999. The detectives on the team solve sexually motivated criminal offenses and child abuse cases, which includes an exceptionally strong egg-producing(prenominal) lead character Olivia Benson (Mariska Hargitay) and other popular womanish characters such as Amanda Rollins (Kelli Giddish), retainer g all overn Attorney Alexandra Cabot (Stephanie defect) and Assistant District Attorney Casey Novak (Diane Neal). Law Order Special Victims Unit offers a unique(p) blend of marks placed inside a virile detective genre with strong main female lead along with a male partner, scout Elliot Stabler visualised by Christopher Meloni. The episodes often feature real behavior crime stories and create episodes based on crime stories ripped from the headlines (Green 2009, pp.2). Law Order Special Victims Unit is one of the most successful and popular whirlpool off series of Law and Order franchise which has won numerous awards as well as the 2006 Emmy for Outstanding Lead Actress in a dramatic play Series for Mariska Hargitay (Emmys, 2006) who describes female audiences reaction to her character Olivia Benson in special K curb Law Order Special Victims Unit The Unofficial participatorAs the show got more popular, I received so more emails from so some(prenominal) survivors. They were identifying so much with my character, identifying with this lion, this strong powerful (Olivia Benson). And thusly I had thirteen-years-old going, I want to be you you atomic number 18 my role model. Hundreds of emails going, I want to be a cop when I grow up. And I thought this character has touched something deep in so m each women and put upd a safe place to go I felt I had a responsibility.(Green 2009, pp. 90)1.3 Relevance Of The exploreWomen representation on goggle box has strong value to female audiences because they view strong characters as role models. Singh, Vinnicombe and mob (2006) studied c arer-minded women who keenly draw on role models from different aspects of like, television being one of them. They dis covered that women used female characters from Television as role models such as Buffy, Alias and Xena The Warrior Princesss. Analysing this aspect of female characters on Law Order Special Victims Unit volition declare oneself-importance me with the tools to experience the codes used in the portrayal of women. inquiry has been conducted on Law and Order Special Victims Unit in the past i.e cultural minorities, victimization of women. For event Britto (2007, p40) has deconstructed that portrayal of women are overplayed on crime drama series as offenders and victims with the help of content analytic thinking in her clause Does Special call up Young, White and Female? Deconstructing the sum of Special in Law Order Special Victims Unit. Furthermore, there has been extensive research on representation of ethnic minorities, male and female on Law and Order Special Victims Unit. However, my research pull up stakes focalise on the female characters such as Olivia Benson (Marisk a Hargitay), Amanda Rollins (Kelli Giddish), Assistant District Attorney Alexandra Cabot (Stephanie March) and Assistant District Attorney Casey Novak (Diane Neal) and deconstruct the codes busy to characterize them.2. Literature ReviewTheoretical framework testament accost my research in a localise manner whilst facilitating a dependable and comprehensive abstract. It lead intromit a study foundation for my investigation. As representation of women is such a various(a) topic, I allow focus and limit my research with the help of a priori framework to achieve an detailed finale.2.1 Representation Of Women On TVIn smart set to build my research, the score of women representation would greatly concern in my investigation. Consequently, DAccis (1994) punctilious exploration of Cagney and Lacey, which aired from 1981 to 1988 and widely recognized as an advance(a) treatment of working women would provide the perfect groundwork for the investigation. While researching t his concord, DAcci had unprecedented access to the set, to yield meetings, and to the fatten out production files, including correspondence from network executives, publicity firms, and thousands of viewers. In this book she examines the ontogenesis of women characters and the representation of libber movement on prime-time television. This would provide me thorough know leadge of what goes bottomland making a drama series with female lead characters and allow equip me with the right tools to compare the representation of female characters on Law and OrderSVU. Furthermore, it contains other example from the history of Ameri shtup television which would be beneficial for my research. Brunsdon, Charlotte and Spigels (2007) book womens rightist Television review A ratifier provides a detailed examination extending across television, media and concealing studies which looks into representation of feminism as historical categories and political identities. This book gives a val uable epitome of women working behind the camera and in-front of the camera as well as female audience and their response to television in their daily lives. I would be able to evaluate the depiction of women on Law Order SVU in regards to historical and political viewpoint.The representation of females on the television screen has been a subject of much discussion since the television became commercially gettable in the late 1930s. In 21st Century, even though television produces programs like Pan Am, Charlies angels, The Playboy Club with female lead characters, they are still viewed through a very patriarchal ideology (Ingham, 2007). Dominicks (1979) article The portrayal of women in prime time, 1953-1977 concludes that female characters appearing on prime-time television from 1953-1977 were underrepresented on television and were frequently seen in stereotyped roles. This article will help me setting the groundwork for my research as I can put female characters on Law and Ord er SVU berth by side with previous characters. Further research (Elasmar, Kazumi and Brain, 2009) showed that women were more likely to be shown playing minor roles and playing characters of housewives and involved in a wild-eyed dealinghip. I would need to further explore the depth of women representation on television which will allow me to conduct adept research.Gills (2007) work on sex activity and Media looks like an interesting book for my research which explores the contradictory character of contemporary sex representations. Gender and the Media is as well as concerned with the theoretical tools on tap(predicate) for analyzing representations. A range of approaches from semiotics to postcolonial hypothesis are discussed, and Gill asks how expedient notions such as objectification, backlash, and positive images are for making sense of gender in todays Western media which relates to my current study.Melanie (2011) cross-examines the construction of feminism and femini nity in photographic film and television from a wide variety of female centric programs such as chick flicks, reality shows and drama. This book will provide me with the understanding of the relationship between feminism, femininity, and visual destination and tools to analyze images of female representation in media.2.1.1. Narrative physical composition The WomanIn army to relate characters and peak interest of the audience, formulation of the character through story is of fulfilment importance. The character and chronicle in the text have an horny connection and resonate with the reader if they identify with the character. Hence, depth psychology of female representation in Law and Order SVU through their characterization in the narrative would allow me to deconstruct the signs from the text. Furthermore, specific aesthetic and narrative strategies used by the producers to create characters also append to feminism and female representation (Geetha, 2007). Mulveys (1975) innovative article Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema would greatly guardianship in exploring the relation of narrative structure in construction of female characters in Law and Order SVU where she unravels the narrative and visual techniques in cinema and puts forward the male cinematic gaze that objectifies the female character, hence, turning her into a spectacle, to-be-looked-at-ness (1975, 19). Mulvey (2009) revisits her theory in Visual and some other Pleassure by put throughing her womens rightist theory to more contemporary work concerning film spectatorship. She also talks round recent modern woman of the 1920s in terms of images and narratives employed in Hollywood and European films which will be relevant to quantify portrayal of women in Law and Order SVU.In regards to narrative and women representation in media, Teresa de Lauretiss (1984) work would facilitate my research in the right agency as she investigates the structural representations of woman in cinem a. De Lauretis (1984) disagrees with Mulveys (1975) theory of women representation as being permanently subjective and affirms that it is in a consistent spirit level of self-progression. De Lauretis considers that narrative structure draws upon the characters aspiration in accessible and cultural circumstance and reproduces subjectivity. De Lauretis argues that female characters are formulated to incline towards femininity and naturalizedly portrayed as ideal image perceived by men (1984, 143). De Lauretiss conclusion of womens oppression by employing techniques of cinematic narration would provide a diverse perspective in representation of women in Law and Order SVU.2.2 Women horror GenreThe characteristics of gender have been reallocated in modern era in crime dramas where the female and male personalities are synthesized. The varyation also power saw the shift of feminine traits of emotions, compassion and bond between traditionally manly traits of whizism, vigor, and power giving rise to alternative action hero (Feasey 2008, p. 67). In 1970s and 1980s, crime genre progressively began depicting women in epoch-making characters embarking on TV revolution. Snauffers (2006) book called discourtesy Television would aid in my research hugely as it would be idyllic to find out the history of crime genre as it was dominated by men (Maureen 1988, p. 2). Since the beginning of television, crime dramas have been a prime genre of TV. agree to Snauffer (2006), crime television has proven to be a fascinating rumination of changes and developments in the culture at large. In the 50s and early 60s, the square-jawed, just-the-facts detectives of The Untouchables and The FBI put police work in the best light possible. As the 60s gave way to the 70s, however, the depictions gained more subtle shading, and The Streets of San Francisco, The Rockford Files, and Baretta offered conflicted heroes in more complex worlds. This trend has of course act in more recent decades, with Steven Bochcos dramas seeking a new naive realism through frank depictions of language and sexuality on television. In chronicling these developments and illustrating how the genre has reflected our ideas of crime and crime solving through the decades, author Douglas Snauffer here provides infixed reading for any fan. This work provides a comprehensive history of detective and police shows on television which will contribute to my research immensely. Turnbull (2013) in her book The criminal offense Drama TV Genres provides a historical study of the crime drama series as a genre which presents a number of case studies to clarify major concerns in the course of the genre. This book will facilitate my argument as it looks at female led crime drama series from around the world such as The Wire and The Killing.Crime dramas generally feature subject matter related to public sphere with male dominance, however, the addition of female characters into crime genre has modif yd to pursue a dynamic approach concerning gender bending transgressions, domesticated issues and other feminist concerns (Feasey 2008). Nevertheless, women werent al ways depicted as strong willed and fencesitter on TV. Cavender (1999) examines the depiction of women crime victims by comparing episodes from reality crime program. He analyzed that women talked about their victimization however, men spoke more often and presented master narratives about the crimes. In both seasons, the program imaginativeness emphasized feminine vulnerability to violence from strange, devious, and brutal men and masculine technical expertise and trust as womens protection from such violence. His analysis would be helpful in further studying the crime genre as well as involvement of women. Humphries (2009) examines women, violence, and media presentations through the lens of feminist criminology. This book contains chapters on Gendering Constructions which lays the foundation for the volume and exa mines media presentation of gendered violence, female killers on Law and Order and women in media. This book will give me tools to analyze the media text meticulously.In crime genre, male protagonist used to focus on solving the crime neglecting the public concerns during the process. Though, attitudes started to change when women were portrayed unconventionally as brave, independent and intelligent characters breaking away from the social average resulting in shaping a new feminist archetype (Aisenberg, 1994). In her book Ordinary heroines Transforming the male myth Aisenberg (1994, p. 240) believes that female representation has progressed into fitted active crime-solving characters with slight borrowing from conventional masculine traits such as Dana Scullys (Gillian Anderson) character in The X Files who was a powerful and independent master copy woman even though FBI agent roles were profoundly male-dominated.Cuklanz and Moorti (2009) examine a wide variety of text to delve into the representations of gendered violence against women and formulation of gender. They believe that Law and Order SVU featuring lead female characters engage in uninventive representation of women showcasing violence against them including inherent misogynist communiqu. Cavender and Jurik (2012) inspect the optimistic side of representation of women on TV as they analyse Prime odd starring Helen Mirren as policewoman Jane Tennison in popular British drama series where her character disrupts the conventions of the traditionally male genre (p.65). They focus on the portrayal of gender and law enforcement in the show featuring modern social tribulations where women play the central character. On one hand, Prime Suspect has create a cult hit for being an exceptionally feminist show in a traditionally male dominated crime genre. On the other hand, it is still not devoid of gender politics where Tennisons character shown as a successful woman is pigeonholed into an old lonely and unwanted career woman. Cavender and Jurik (2012) work will provide the framework to deconstruct the meanings and connotation in depiction of women in Law and Order SVU in relations to social norm.There has been a dramatic rise in representation of women detective in modern text whether be film or television which used to be dominated by men (Mizejewski, 2004). Whilst examining Jodie Fosters character Clarice on The Silence Of The Lambs, Mizejewski believes that traditional Hollywood cinema has been unconsciously organized along these lines men looking and taking action, women being looked at. The conventions of framing, lighting and alter in portrayal of women all play to these dynamics (p. 7). Tasker (2007) believes women representation has progressed tremendously in recent years with transformed and empowered gender equalitarianism however, there is still substandard issue. Gender is a key builder and differentiator of character in ensemble workplace dramas (Allen 2007, p 48) . The meticulous examination of Crime Scene Investigation (CSI) in breeding CSI by Michael Allen, a popular crime drama including the relationship of characters to their narratives and response of fans would provide great depth and widespread view which I can apply to Law and Order SVU during my research.1.3 Female HeroineGunter (1986) argues that women are represented in a stereotypical manner associating with the characters traits they typically exhibit. In comparison with men, their characters were subjugated by personal relationships and family issues. However, this began to change in the 1970s when women were portrayed in more dynamic roles. nickname (2010) believes that it wouldnt have been possible without Sigourney Weavers character Ellen Ripley in strange (1979) franchises which has become an avant-garde symbol. Ellen Ripley signified the first final girl archetype, a term coined by Carol J. clover in the book Men, Women and Chansaw Gender in the Modern Horror Film (199 2), who conquered and triumphed against an evil villain without any help or rescue from a man (p.98). Knight (2010) and Clover (1992) examinations of women representation would aid in decoding the signs in Law and OrderSVU. Anthony (2009) believes that the progression in women portrayal on television and films was because women had taken over the market and were able to acquire positions as Producers and Directors. Consequently, women were portrayed in more heroic roles which cancelled out the notion of women as victims, resulting in a positive ideological advance (p. 80).Innesss (2004) Action Chicks is a groundbreaking array of essays providing a new look at female action icons such as Xena, Buffy, Lara Croft and so on. These essays take a look at how recent depictions of women in action films, TV shows, comic books, and video games reflect a changing borrowing of women in traditionally male heroic or tough-guy roles. This highly specialized and scholarly study is suitable for my research and would enable me to view Law and Order SVU in different light. In order to analyze the representation of women in Law and Order SVU, I will construe if the women embody four essential constructing features which are body, attitude, action and authority in a tough hero (Innes, 1998). Brown (1996) has the same look of women portrayed as action heroes stating, female action heroines body is represented by using same codes as a male hero in regards to object and subject in action films (p. 56). Goodwill (2011) agrees with Browns account that new female action hero possesses positive masculine characteristic which were preserved for men only, breaking away from orthodox feminine attributes. With the conglutination of traits, earlier archetype of the hero has been amended in popular culture containing both masculine and feminine traits which will enable me to interpret female traits presented in Law and Order SVU.Hill (1999, p 38) states, action heroines are the new type o f protagonists in action genre who are smarter and tougher than conventional female heroines and even their male counterparts. This new breed of action heroines contravenes not only cinematic but cultural gender codes of women being subordinate and tangential characters and transform traditional cinematic depiction of women. Noble (1999) produces an innovative framework to create new epitome of heroism for women in her book The Sound of a Silver Horn Reclaiming the gallantry in modern-day Womens Lives. She puts forward certain qualities that a female hero should possess to transform her and the world such as strong-minded, valiant and a risk-taker. Harriss (2004) groundbreaking work would provide a framework for my research where she looks at intricate representation of girls in recent history. Siehlohrs (2000) anthology investigates generic codes used in gender in regards to national identity in European films. She also examines how representations of women are effectuate by pa rticular national milieu. This provides a baseline to investigate influences of societal factors on representation of women in Law and Order SVU. Hanson (2007) proposes alternative ways of viewing classic and contemporary Hollywood heroines and the associations of gender with genre. She investigates representation of women as investigator and heroine in the variable context of the film industry which will enable me to apply the same approach to my research. She confers meticulous attention to the production of narrative, actions and perception as well as negotiation of feminine self and desires across the past.Jaceys (2010) book about The Woman in the allegory Writing Memorable Female Characters would be of significant value on this topic. She states that by creating a heroine, the screenwriter has to consider all kinds of differences, from character development to gender issues in the development process. This would allow me dig deeper into the depiction of female characters on La w and Order SVU such as Olivia Bensons character as a Detective and Alexandra Cabot character as a District Attorney. According to Knight (2010), female action heroes extensively influence individuals in society and also reveal a lot about our society. Her analysis on female action here would help me understand Olivia Bensons character on Law and Order SVU as she is seen as a role model and a super heroine to a lot of women.Furthermore, I will examine Buffy which was a very popular show with very sharp and provocative commentaries on gender. In Undead TV, media studies scholars tackle the Buffy phenomenon and its many afterlives in popular culture, the television industry, the Internet, and schoolman criticism (Levine and Parks, 2007). Stuller (2010) illustrates the triumph of female hero in contemporary mythology which has zestful through male dominated environment and divulges into the crucial role of female crime fighters in popular culture.METHODOLOGYLitosseliti (2002) book on Gender, individuation and Discourse Analysis will provide me with the tools to employ discourse analysis to the media text for my research. I will conduct a discourse analysis on Law and Order SVU to find out why Olivia Benson is considered a positive role model. Benson has been taken up as a feminist icon by artists and bloggers because shes the type of person who triumphs over adversity, stands up against injustice, and neer blinks when shes staring down a bad guy. Furthermore, it will aid me in examining other female characters re-presented as victims and criminals. Research has shown that violence against women is a serious public health and human rights concern (World Health governance 2000) and that the concurrent presentation of women as sex objects and victims in various forms of media increases acceptance of violence against women (Malamuth, 1996). As television has the widest audience of any medium (Gunter Wober, 1992), it is of uttermost importance to have an improve d representation of women on television.I will draw primarily upon the discourse analysis of Law and Order SVU to examine the meanings behind the representations of women as victims to more positive and hopeful depictions. Marion (2008) argues that the contemporary portrayals of women within popular culture are shaped by two major trends the mainstreaming of pornography and its resultant hypersexualization of women and girls, and the commodification of those images for a global market. Wood (2000) book will provide both the practical steps for doing discourse analysis and the theoretical justifications for those steps. This book shows students how the social world revolves around talk and text. This book will aid in my research a great deal as it presents actual examples, covers data collection methods and strategies for data analysis, and addresses issues of reliability and validity.Tolsons (2006) book Media scold Spoken Discourse on TV and Radio investigates distinctive forms of negociate speech on TV and radio through discourse analysis. Media chew up is the first book to provide a comprehensive review of this burning(prenominal) work. Lorenzo-Duss (2008) Television Discourse examines the specific forms and structures of talk across media genres. This book will provide me an in-depth knowledge of the discourse analysis on TV as it examines four defining characteristics of the current broadcast landscape Storytelling, Closeness, Conflict and Persuasion. This would allow me to analyse the characters on Law and Order SVU and find out if they are portrayed positively or negatively. Even though the women on LO SVU are tough and strong, there are still some problematic issues in their representation. They are re-presented as victims or offenders in a lot of episodes. For example, Detective Olivia Benson is frequently victimized throughout the show, including her being stalked in Seasons 1 and 3, and more recently she is sexually assaulted while undercover in a prison. Furthermore, there were several suggestions in episodes on how the female detective pays a lot of attention to her appearance. An in-depth research would allow a more precise and comprehensive investigation on the topic.References You may optionally use Bibliography or Works CitedCavender, Gray , 1999. The Construction Of Gender In Reality Crime Tv. Journal Of Broadcasting Electronic Media , Volume 13, progeny 5, 643-663.Dobash, R. E., Dobash, R. (1998). Rethinking Violence Against Women. meter Oaks, Calif, Sage Publications.Dominick, Joseph R. , 2004. The Portrayal Of Women In Prime Time, 1953-1977. 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