Philip Slater’s The Pursuit of Loneliness :: Philip Slater Pursuit Loneliness Essays

Philip Slaters The Pursuit of Loneliness The purpose of Philip Slaters harbor The Pursuit of Loneliness is to reach some understanding of the forces which are unraveling our society for his readers (xxii). It is a jet conception that America is the best coun try on, an estimate which is substantiated by frugal figures. However, Americans are not happy. According to Slater, all societies frustrate certain pitying needs and gormandise others (because) compassionateity and any particular societys idea of what humanity should be is never very exact (2). In America, the gap between world and perception is growing farther and farther apart, at human expense. Americans work their entire lives for the future, in the pursuit of economic security, which ultimately leads to continued unhappiness in the present. American culture struggles more and more violently to note itself, (but) is less and less able to hide its fundamental antipathy towards human life and human satisfaction (122). Slaters book teaches people approximately the existence of the wide gap between the fantasies Americans live by and the realities they live in, in the hopes that this pass on inspire people to react in positive slipway (xxiii).Cooperation played a major role in the development of homo sapiens as the dominant species on earth. Americans do not understand its importance. It is intelligible to place an extremely high level of importance upon self reliance in a dog eat dog society, but individualism has croak fear and loathing of others. This motivates people to develop ways they can spend less cartridge holder with each other. The ultimate expression of individualism, driving a car, illustrates the occupation of denying the reality of human interdependence (30). Some people cant afford to heating plant their homes because we all want to ride expensive vehicles on displace roads at high speeds, killing one another and polluting the atmosphere (2). This situation cannot be repair ed until we accept the inherent power in cooperation. The more we try to solve our problems by increasing personal autonomy, the more we find ourselves at the mercy of these mysterious, impersonal, and upstage mechanisms that we have ourselves created (48).A large part of this problem is that many another(prenominal) Americans buy into the ploys of capitalism, sacrificing happiness for material gain. Americans have voluntarily created, and voluntarily maintained, a society which increasingly frustrates and aggravates them (8). Societys uncontrolled development results in an bathetic sense of scarcity which ensures a steady flow of output (78).Philip Slaters The Pursuit of Loneliness Philip Slater Pursuit Loneliness EssaysPhilip Slaters The Pursuit of Loneliness The purpose of Philip Slaters book The Pursuit of Loneliness is to reach some understanding of the forces which are unraveling our society for his readers (xxii). It is a common conception that America is the best count ry, an idea which is substantiated by economic figures. However, Americans are not happy. According to Slater, all societies frustrate certain human needs and satiate others (because) humanity and any particular societys idea of what humanity should be is never very exact (2). In America, the gap between reality and perception is growing farther and farther apart, at human expense. Americans work their entire lives for the future, in the pursuit of economic security, which ultimately leads to continued unhappiness in the present. American culture struggles more and more violently to maintain itself, (but) is less and less able to hide its fundamental antipathy towards human life and human satisfaction (122). Slaters book teaches people about the existence of the wide gap between the fantasies Americans live by and the realities they live in, in the hopes that this will inspire people to react in positive ways (xxiii).Cooperation played a major role in the development of homo sapiens as the dominant species on earth. Americans do not understand its importance. It is understandable to place an extremely high level of importance upon self reliance in a dog eat dog society, but individualism has become fear and loathing of others. This motivates people to develop ways they can spend less time with each other. The ultimate expression of individualism, driving a car, illustrates the problem of denying the reality of human interdependence (30). Some people cant afford to heat their homes because we all want to ride expensive vehicles on crowded roads at high speeds, killing one another and polluting the atmosphere (2). This situation cannot be repaired until we accept the inherent power in cooperation. The more we try to solve our problems by increasing personal autonomy, the more we find ourselves at the mercy of these mysterious, impersonal, and remote mechanisms that we have ourselves created (48).A large part of this problem is that many Americans buy into the pl oys of capitalism, sacrificing happiness for material gain. Americans have voluntarily created, and voluntarily maintained, a society which increasingly frustrates and aggravates them (8). Societys uncontrolled development results in an artificial sense of scarcity which ensures a steady flow of output (78).

What Happened to Ward and June Cleaver Essay -- essays research papers

What Happened to protect and June Cleaver?Single parent homes, broken families, and divorce are rampant in todays society. mating is no eternal the revered union that it once was. Divorce is clearly on the rise since the days of yesteryear that depicted happy families in the favorable image of Ward and June Cleaver. Unlike the June Cleavers of days gone by, the women of today at present busily juggle careers, family and household responsibilities, and play the role of soccer mom among legion(predicate) other things. Now that June is swept away with her many responsibilities, together with her earning capacity, reduces her need to rely on Ward ultimately making it easier, and more likely, that their children, Wally and Beaver will become the unfortunate products of a broken home and divorce. Rather than dealing with so many divorces and trying to battle the issue of broken homes from the back residuum where the damage is irreparable, why not attempt interdictative measures ins tead?According to the Council on Families In America, for the average American, the probability that a marriage taking rest home today will end in divorce or permanent separation is calculated to be a staggering 60% and more than half(a) of divorcing couples have children under the age of 18. The odds that a child today will witness the divorce of their parents, is twice as great as a generation ago, with as many as half of all children likely to experience a parental divorce before they leave home. Many states, now concerned with the rise in numbers of broken homes and divorce rates, have decided to take measures to reduce this epidemic by implementing mandatory waiting periods when obtaining a marriage license, and mandating programs and educational seminars similar to post-divorce programs now enforced by almost every court systems across the nation. The controversy, however, lies in the argument from critics that restricting couples from marriage or imposing fines or penalties is unjust. Jennifer Daw, a therapist with the American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy quoted an article from USA Today wherein opponents argued that, divorce regulations or restrictions would create messier divorces, not prevent them and tougher restrictions on divorce could endanger women in abusive marriages. People were once required to negotiate in divorce. The No Fault Divorce has changed that and takes the ground... ..., healthier, everlasting relationships fostered by good-old fashioned communication?Works CitedCouncil on Families in America. "Divorce Harms Society." Marriage and Divorce. Eds. Tamara L. Roleff and Mary E. Williams. Current Controversies Series. Greenhaven Press, 1997. Excerpted from Marriage in America A Report to the solid ground by the Council on Families in America, March 1995. Rpt. by permission of the Institute for Family Values. Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Thompson Gale. 15 June 2005     .Daw, Jennife r. Saving Marriages How to do it? American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy. 16 June 2005. 16 June 2005.McManus, Mike. Modestos Valentine Divorce Rate Plunges 47.6% Marriage Savers.2001. 8 July 2005.Plunkett, Robert L. Divorce Laws Should Be Reformed. Marriage and Divorce. Eds. Tamara L. Roleff and Mary E. Williams. Current Controversies Series. Greenhaven Press, 1997. From Robert L. Plunkett, "Vow for Now," National Review, may 29, 1995 (c) 1995 by National Review, New York, NY. Rpt. by permission. Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Thompson Gale. 15 June 2005      .

How Golding Presents the Decline from Civilisation to Savagery in Lord

How Golding Presents the Decline from Civilisation to Savagery in Lord of the FliesLord of the Flies is the name given to the upcountry beast, to which onlySimon ever actu on the wholey speaks. As Simons waits for the beasts arrivalnear the bloody sows head on the stake (buzzing with flies), The Lordof the Flies speaks to him, warning him not to proceed in its way or elsehe shall be killed by the boys. The Lord of the Flies name comes fromthe sows head and the countless flies buzzing about it, which curtlymove from the sows head to swarm around the head of Simon as the Lordof the Flies tells him, Im a part of you. In biblical texts, theLord of the Flies is the style of Beelzebub (a direct translation ofhis name), a demon of Hell. There is a clear distinction between thisbook and The Coral Island. There is no insularity between boys andsavages, good and evil, Christianity and cannibalism, British andsavages in this book, where as in the Coral island this distinctioncomes out many times.Jack is the novels primary representative of the understandings ofsavagery, violence, and the desire for power, which is shown from thebeginning. When the image of having a Chief is menti whizd, Jack speaksout immediately. I ought to be chief, Jack says with simplearrogance, because Im chapter chorister and head boy. He is furiouswhen he loses the election to Ralph, which subtly begins theirconflict, and continually pushes the boundaries of his subordinaterole in the group. Jack and his compatriots are portrayed asmilitaristic and aggressive, with Jacks bold manner and the choirmarching in step with one another. They are the first concreteentrance of elaboration onto the island and a decidedly negative one... ... is the conflictbetween two competing impulses that exist within all human beings theinstinct to live by rules, act peacefully, follow moral commands, andvalue the good of the group on the one hand and the instinct to featherbed ones immediate desires, act violentl y to obtain supremacyover others, and enforce ones will on the other. These two instinctsmay be called the instinct of civilization and the instinct ofsavagery, as one is devoted to values that promote ordered societyand the other is devoted to values that threaten ordered society.Throughout the novel, the instinct of civilization is associated withgoodness, while the instinct of savagery is associated with evil, andthe latter prevails. It is only at the very end of the book that thegroup is drained of savagery, as the captain pictures these small,ragged, confused weeny boys.

Celtic Druids :: European History Essays

Evidence of the Celts first came about 400 BCE from Northern Italy. More evidence or encounters were found during the young Roman Empire. Many of the accounts we hear of them issue forth from Greek and Roman writers, such as Julius Caesar and Diodorus. There were various tribes to this group, many of them called Galli by the Romans and Galataoir Keltoi by the Greeks, these terms meant Barbarian. The Greek word Keltoi was what Celts came from, this is the reason the C is sound out as a K. As languages went there was one language that tied all of them together, Old Celtic which is the descendent of the original Ur-Lnaguage. Welsh, Breton the language of Brittany, in France- and the variants of Celtic spoken in Ireland and Scotland are all Celtic languages(Stokstad 485).Celtic DruidsEvidence of their culture is basically archeological, it has also come from oral tradition, dating back to dead before the fifth century AD. Knowledge of all the Druids besides the Celtic ones has been fo und from and around the third century BC to the fourth century AD. Blacksmithing was an beta craft to the Celts. Tools of knives, shears and axe-heads were made to stock patterns across the Celtic World. Iron was also apply to make decorative and functional pieces which were very elaborate. Iron once more was used for spears, swords and defensive mounting of wooden shields. Bronze workers used a lot of copper and tin to make their intricately designed ornaments. The theme of the Celtic warrior played an important part, with the practice of single combat, the warriors feast and the prize of severed heads of defeated foes. Writing in the Celtic society was sort of restricted, it was not used for imaginative or traditional literature. Before the Roman conquest a state of conditional literacy intermittently existed among the Gaulish upper classes (Piggott 51). Greek letters were occasionally used. but in Celtic societies other than the Druids it seemed opposite. Greek Letters were use d in the Book of Mathew, Book Of Kells , in Stoktads book there is an example of how finely the trade is with the Chi Rho Iota page. This translated into Now this is how the birth of Jesus Christ came about (Mathew 118).Many abbreviations of Latin words were used as well which had to be memorized by scribes. The page seems abstract at first glance but if you look closely you can see the fine detail of figures in it.

Animal and Human Nature in Steinbecks Of Mice and Men Essay

Animal and Human Nature in Steinbecks Of Mice and Men The relationship betwixt fauna nature and human nature in John Steinbecks Of Mice and Men is a major theme throughout the work. Lennie and Candy are connected with animals via their various case-by-case characteristics, such as physical appearance, mental force, or emotional maturity. Other characters, such as Curley and Carlson, demonstrate their animal-like natures in their interactions with others. Despite the intelligible connection between the human natures and animal natures of the characters in the work, some of the characters attempt to skip above their bestial nature by dreaming and seeking companionship. Lennie is perhaps the most obvious example of an animal-like character. The very first description of Lennie is as a huge man, shapeless of face, with large, pale eyes, with wide, sloping shoulders and he walked heavily, dragging his feet a little, the way a bear drags his paws (Steinbeck 2). This opening descrip tion of Lennie immediately connects him with a large animal, and for the rest of the novel, whenever his name is mentioned, the reader instinctively pictures a big, bear-like man. Lennie is also likened to a dog, just a few pages later, when he is compared to a terrier who doesnt want to bring a ball to its master (Steinbeck 9). This connection is further emphasized when, at the novels end, Lennie is crap-shooter with the same gun and in the same way as Candys dog was shot earlier in the novel. Lennie is also connected with animals in his mental capacity and preferences. His simplemindedness as well as his attraction to animals, especially the rabbits and the puppy, would seem to fix him as animal-like (Johnson 16). Candy is identified... ...to live together as a family. Candy and Crooks thirstily volunteer to join George and Lennie in their dream in hopes that they can contribute to the welfare of the group and act as one unit, one family. George already shows this benignant of selflessness throughout the book in his looking out for Lennie, and, likewise, Lennies looking out for George. These characters escape their primal, animalistic tendencies to fend for themselves and chose to help each other. Of Mice and Men presents galore(postnominal) interesting connections between the animal natures and human natures of its characters. Though most characters display characteristics that could qualify them as bestial, only a few exhibit the drive to rise above this base level of existence and distinguish themselves from their animal nature. Works CitedSteinbeck, John. Of Mice and Men. New York Penguin Books, 1937.

Animal and Human Nature in Steinbecks Of Mice and Men Essay

Animal and Human Nature in Steinbecks Of Mice and Men The relationship mingled with physical nature and benignant nature in John Steinbecks Of Mice and Men is a major theme passim the work. Lennie and Candy are connected with animals via their various individual characteristics, such as physical appearance, mental capacity, or emotional maturity. Other characters, such as Curley and Carlson, demonstrate their animal-like natures in their interactions with others. Despite the obvious connection between the human natures and animal natures of the characters in the work, some of the characters attempt to rise above their bestial nature by dreaming and seeking companionship. Lennie is perhaps the most obvious example of an animal-like character. The very(prenominal) first description of Lennie is as a huge man, shapeless of face, with large, pale eyes, with wide, sloping shoulders and he walked heavily, dragging his feet a little, the way a bear drags his paws (Steinbeck 2). This initiation description of Lennie immediately connects him with a large animal, and for the rest of the novel, whenever his name is mentioned, the reader instinctively pictures a big, bear-like man. Lennie is also likened to a dog, just a few pages later, when he is compared to a terrier who doesnt want to bring a ball to its master (Steinbeck 9). This connection is further emphasized when, at the novels end, Lennie is shot with the same accelerator pedal and in the same way as Candys dog was shot earlier in the novel. Lennie is also connected with animals in his mental capacity and preferences. His simplemindedness as tumesce as his attraction to animals, especially the rabbits and the puppy, would seem to fix him as animal-like (Johnson 16). Candy is identified... ...to live together as a family. Candy and Crooks eagerly volunteer to get in touch George and Lennie in their dream in hopes that they can contribute to the welfare of the group and act as one unit, one family. Geor ge already shows this kind of selflessness throughout the book in his looking out for Lennie, and, likewise, Lennies looking out for George. These characters escape their primal, animalistic tendencies to fend for themselves and chose to help each other. Of Mice and Men presents many interesting connections between the animal natures and human natures of its characters. Though most characters display characteristics that could qualify them as bestial, only a few exhibit the drive to rise above this run aground level of existence and distinguish themselves from their animal nature. Works CitedSteinbeck, John. Of Mice and Men. New York Penguin Books, 1937.

Marital Rape

Marital Rape When she says NO, its rape even when shes unify to him Every woman has the right to control her own corpse and to make decisions about having sex, using birth control, becoming pregnant and having children. She does not lose these rights if she marries. These quotes were taken from Stopping Sexual Assault in Marriage produce by the Center for Constitutional Rights Much of the attention that has been given to marital rape has emerged from the legal community.This has occurred because throughout the history of nigh societies, it has been acceptable for men to wedge their wives to have sex against their will. The traditional translation of rape in the United States most commonly was, sexual intercourse with a female not his married woman without her have Many have argued, this provided husbands with an exemption from prosecution for raping their wives-a license to rape. The foundation of this exemption can be traced back to statements made by Sir Matthew Hale, Chief referee in 17th century England.Hale wrote, The husband cannot be guilty of a rape committed by himself upon his lawful wife, for by their mutual marital consent and contract, the wife hath given herself in kind unto the husband which she cannot retract. This established the notion that once married, a woman does not have the right to disclaim sex with her husband. This rationale remained largely unchallenged until the 1970s when some members of the womens movement argued for the elimination of the spousals exemption because it failed to provide equal protection from rape to all women almost 10-14% of married women be pillaged by their husbands in the United States.In the city of Charlotte, the statistics are rising every year. The following statistics reflect ONLY those spousal rapes that were reported. Keep in mind that most married women do not know about the spousal rape laws. In 1997 the statistics were 1%, 1998, 1. 1% and in 1999 1. 8%. Historically, most rape statutes red that rape was forced sexual intercourse with a woman not your wife, thus granting husbands a license to rape. On July 5, 1993, marital rape became a crime in all 50 states, under at least one section of the sexual offense codes.The definition of sexual infringement of a spouse as defined in the North Carolina Code is as follows A person is guilty of sexual assault of a spouse when that person engages in sexual intercourse or sexual intrusion with his or her spouse without the consent of the spouse and 1. The lack of consent results from forcible compulsion or 2. The offender afflicts serious bodily injury upon his or her spouse or 3. The offender uses a deadly weapon in the commission of the offense. Any person who violates the above provisions shall be guilty of a felony, and, upon conviction, shall be1.Imprisoned in the penitentiary between 2 and 10 years or 2. Imprisoned in the penitentiary between 2 and 10 years and fined no more than $5,000 In 17 states and the District o f Columbia, thither are no exemptions from rape prosecution granted to husbands. However, in 33 states, there are still some exemptions given to husbands from rape prosecution. When his wife is most vulnerable (such as, she is mentally or physically impaired, unconscious, asleep, etc. ) and is unable to consent, a husband is exempt from prosecution in many of these 33 states.Women who are assault by their husbands are likely to be raped many times. They experience not only vaginal rape, but also oral and anal rape. Researchers principally categorize marital rape into three types Force-only rape This is when husbands uses only the amount of force necessary to coerce their wives. Battering rape Husbands rape and batter their wives. The banging may happen concurrently or before or after the sexual assault. Sadistic /obsessive rape Husbands use torture or unrepentant sexual acts. Pornography is often involved.Women are at particularly high risk for being raped by their partners unde r the following circumstances Women married to domineering men who view them as property Women who are in physically violent relationships Women who are pregnant Women who are ill or retrieve from surgery Women who are separated or divorced It is a myth that marital rape is less serious than other forms of sexual violence. There are many physical and emotional consequences that may accompany marital rape. Physical effects include injuries to the vaginal and anal areas, lasserations, soreness, bruising, torn muscles, fatigue, and vomiting.Women who are battered and raped frequently suffer from broken bones, black eyes, bloody noses and knife wounds. Gy ne co logical effects include vaginal stretching, miscarriages, stillbirths, bladder infections, sexually contagious diseases, and infertility. Short-term psychological effects include Post Traumatic Shock Syndrome, anxiety, shock, intense fear, depression and thoughts of suicide. Long-term psychological effects include disorder sl eeping, disordered eating, depression, intimacy problems, negative self-images, and sexual dysfunction.Research indicates a lack of responsiveness to marital rape survivors on behalf of service providers particularly police officers, religious leaders, rape crisis counselors, and battered womens advocates. There is a need for those who accrue into contact with marital rape survivors to comprehensively address this problem and provide resources, information and support to survivors. In conclusion, despite the fact that marital rape has not been criminalized for long in the United States, it is clearly a serious form of violence against women and worthy of human race attention.Marital rape may be even more traumatic than rape by a stranger because a wife lives with her assailant and she may live in constant terror of another assault whether she is awake or asleep. Given the serious effects, there is clearly a need for those who come into contact with marital rape survivors to provi de service and challenge the prevailing myth that rape by ones spouse is inconsequential. Rape crisis counselors and advocates for battered women are in particularly important leadership positions to address the problem of marital rape in society and to assist survivors of this form of violence.More research on the effects of marital rape, particularly for pregnant women and the children who witness the sexual violence is necessary. Additionally, researchers should investigate the motivations for why men rape their wives and address prevention and treatment strategies. Women who need assistance should contact their local rape crisis center or battered womens shelter. Be forewarned that many rape crisis center and shelters may not have services specifically designed for survivors of wife rape.

Analysis of the story “Can-Can’’ by Arturo Vivante Essay

The story under the title Can-Can was written by Arturo Vivante. He was born in Rome and got a medical education just now left his medical practice in the mid 1950 when his short stories began to be published. Though Vivante writes in English and has lived in the States for much of the last 35 years, his Italian heritage has an undenicapable strawman in his fiction. His short stories often are read like reflections or memories of a contrary and foreign one-time(prenominal) that a reader quarternot help nevertheless link to the life of the transplanted author himself. The story Can-Can runs about a man that is going to the secret meeting with the opposite charwoman. But before seeing off he watches sooner an provoke scene his married woman trip the light fantastic toes can-can. Suddenly it occurs to the man that he doesnt want to tolerate merely the date is already arranged. So having arrived to the summer cottage with his girlfriend the man finds himself thinking of his wife and that surprises him greatly.The story Can-can by Arturo Vivante is of social-psychological genre. Here can be observed such(prenominal) social themes as the role of faithfulness and attachment in the family life. But in the same time this story can be considered to be of psychological one as here is shown the feelings and thoughts of the protagonist of the story. The story Can-Can is mostly a narration which is rather dynamic and gives a continuous scotch of events (husband talks to his wife, put acrosss the house, c entirelys his girlfriend, waits for her at the caf and then goes to the summer cottage). It has some elements of description (such as she had no stockings on, no shoes and legs looked white and smooth, her eyes had a mockery in them) and to a fault dialogue and monologue. Firstly the atmosphere of the text can be considered to be bright as bothone smiles at each other, wife dances can-can, children are glad, but it is only outside, in inside it is very grievy .The matter is that the husband cannot understand his emotions, his feelings. He cannot understand why everything has suddenly changed for him he doesnt want to leave any more, he doesnt want even to think about forthcoming petty intrigue but nothing cant be changed. The date is already arranged and he should go. But even being already in embraces of another woman the man cannot get rid of an protrude of his wife dancing can-can, smiling so careless, with no stockings and shoes on, and her legs that looked so white andsmooth. All these make him feeling lost, confused and grievy. It can be seen quite clear that the husband suffers because of forthcoming unfaithfulness and thats why during the story the mood is getting more stressed. The text touches upon the issues concerning family ones such as unfaithfulness. The problem embossed by the author is quite clear and understandable the husband intends to take aim a love affair and is already unfaithful to his wife.However some feelin gs of upset, inclusion body of the fact that his wife is still a beautiful and pretty woman, not broken by a small stuff, a woman that is still able to give him love and firmness doesnt allow him stay calm. The reason of these doubts becomes the very dance can-can, to be more specifying not so much dance as the fact of execution of this dance by his wife has surprised him, has unsettled him. He expected her doing sewing or washing, doing something uninteresting or homely but not doing can-can, not doing the dance of passion and feelings. And the rhetorical question Why was she doing that of all times now? shows the husbands condition of astonishment at the sight of this unexpected scene which shows familiar for a long time and already such habitual wife in absolutely newfangled shape. The protagonist of the story Can-Can is the husband. He doesnt often leave the house, spends his time hanging around and helping his wife.His speaking name is Mr. Fix-it. But the most indicatory feature of his character is his work he is a painter and the very fact can explain the aspiration of the husband to something new in his life. whitethorn be he is in the search of muse that pull up stakes inspire him for new creative labors and it has incited him to the faithlessness. He cant derive inspiration from his wife any more, she is an endured image for him and he cant draw nothing new from her, and that why he resolves to such an act. But that dance has ruined all his plans, has frustrated all his tensions, has overturned all his conceptions. Even being with his mistress the man cant efface the image of his wife who has revealed absolutely in new light. Here can be pointed out quite ironical arcminute when Sarah comes she finds the man in thoughtful condition. Firstly she becomes quite upset as she assumes that the man thinks of his wife. But after the man says that he thinks of somebody doing can-can Sarah feels relief saying I was afraid you were thinking of your wife . In the story Can-Can we can observe the clash of two types of women.The wife is a householder with children, thatall day long is busy with sewing and washing and the mistress is a considerate of serious businesswoman. Talking about a wife we should point out that she is fairly a wise woman. Being jealous, she doesnt show it her husband and system quiet and funny. We can see that she loves her husband as any woman does, she feels safer with him at home and the husband in his turn helps her with looking after the children. This woman is depicted in the image of the loving wife and careful mother that dances with her children can-can, kicking her legs up high in his direction. As for the other woman, Sarah, she is also married. She is described as a selfish woman that envies the wife of the protagonist as she says Oh, for a moment I was afraid you were thinking of your wife.In conclusion, jealousy to the husband is the only correlation between these two women, in all remaining they are completely opposite. One of the most important moment that should be discussed is of course the role of the title of this story. First of all I was interested why the author had chosen the very dance for influence on the husband. For this purpose I had addressed to the history of this dance. Can-Can is is a high-energy and physically demanding music hall dance, traditionally performed by a chorus line of egg-producing(prenominal) dancers who wear costumes with long skirts, petticoats, and black stockings. The main features of the dance are the lifting up and manipulation of the skirts, with high kicking and suggestive, provocative body movements. The cancan first appeared in Paris.Firstly, can-can was a scandal dance but nowadays this dance is a symbol of feminity, passion, bright fellings. So we can say, that the title plays here a symbolizing role. besides it is very important the role of the author in this story. During the whole story I cant get rid of the feeling that th e author stands beside his characters. His presence is noticeable, it is not expressed directly, but it should be experienced. The author sympathises with the protagonist, without condemning his act, understanding that as a creative person, changes are simply necessary for him.The author knows every thought of the protagonist but doesnt interfere with him, allowing such a way to make up a decision independently. Very interesting invention is applied in the story the end is absent. So we cant learn precisely what will happen then, what will be the decision of the man, whether he will continue his love affair or stop it, but we can make the finish of the story ourselves. As for me, I hope that everything will be as in melodrama theman will proudly rises, tell his girlfriend that he will be a rascal if he does such a thing with his wife, will return to his family and will never think about unfaithfulness any more. May be it is nave but a really believe in such a course of events.The s tory under the title Can-can was written by Arturo Vivante. Born in Rome in 1923, Arturo Vivante graduated in 1949 and practiced medicine in Rome until 1958 when he ended his medical line of achievement and moved to America to pursue a career as a professional writer.Vivante has since been on the faculty of several American universities and is now retired and living in Wellfleet, Massachusetts.Though Vivante writes in English and has lived in America for much of the last 35 years, his Italian heritage has an undeniable presence in his fiction. His short stories often read like reflections or memories of a distant and foreign past that a reader of Vivante cannot help but link to the life of the transplanted author himself.The plot of the story under the discussion is quite interesting and I dare say close to our reality. A man is going to the secret meeting with the other woman, leaving his house, wife and children. Suddenly it occurs to him that he wants to stay, but the date is al ready arranged. So, having arrived to the summer cottage he finds himself thinking of his wife and that surprises him greatly.The problem raised by the author is quite clear the husband intends to slang a love affair and is already unfaithful to his wife. However some feeling of upset, comprehension of the fact his wife is still a sweet cherry, not broken by a small stuff, a woman able to give him love and firmness doesnt let him stay calm.Awaiting the woman at the caf he hopes she wouldnt come and he would return home easily and happily How strange he should be hoping for her absence. Even spending time with the rooter he misses his wife and thinks of her. Howis that possible?Lets characterize the wife. First of all we should say she is fairly a wise woman. We see she loves her husband and wants to have a happy family as any woman does she felt safer with him at home, and he helped look after the children, especially the baby.

Doctor Faustus as a Play Essay

1. CharactersThe main characters are the Faustus, the protagonist, Mphistophilis, the villain. Apart from this we stomach Wagner, Good angel, evil angle, Lucifer as major characters. Chorus, Pope, The emperor butterfly of Germany, Raymond king of Hungary, Duke of Saxony, Bruno, Duke of Vanholt, Duchess of Vanholt, Martino, Frederic, Benvolio, Valdes, Cornelius, Clown, Rogin, Dick, Vintner, Horse-course, Carter, Old Man, Scholar, Cardinals, Archbishop of Rheims, Bishops, Monks, Friars, Soldiers, Belzibub, The seven deadly sins, Devils, Spirits in the shapes of Alexander The great, of his Paramour, of Darius, and of Helen in the list of minor characters.2. DialogueThe acquire was written well forrard 1830, so the colloquial prose is automatically eliminated. The dialogue in the play, Dr Faustus, is more of the thoughts of the characters sooner of their actual words. For example, Faustus says, Faustus, begin thine incantations, And try if devils will obey thy hest, Seeing thou hast required and sacrificd to them. Here, he is alone on fix up, and is talking to himself. Usually we dont tell people talking to themselves while theyre alone. However, Marlowe uses this so time of solitude as a time to tell us what Faustus is doing, which keeps up informed. Those words seems to be less natural because they sound like Faustus thoughts instead of his actual dialogue. An example of stage direction within the dialogue is when Mephistophilis says, Faustus, thou shatl then kneel down presently, Whilst on thy head I lay my hand, And bewitch thee with this conjuration wand.3. PlotThe play, medico Faustus, is all about Faustus, an erudite man in medicine and other knowledge known to man. However, disgruntled Faustus, not learned where his life is heading, calls upon Lucifer and his accomplice, Mephistophilis, to instruct him the ways of magic. But they agree to be his mentors only if Faustus would sell his psyche to Lucifer and be his after 24 years. Faustus agrees. He goes through stressful times while he is unsure of his decision and con postrs repenting. But then hes persuaded over and over again to the magic powers of the devil that were far more satisfying than the powers of heaven.4. ConflictThe conflict in Doctor Faustus is within Faustus himself, who is personified in two angles good and evil each trying to pull Faustus in their opposite paths. Hence, we often see that Faustus repents following the good advice of the good angle. However, the evil angle again scores its victory by infusing aid into Faustuss heart. In the penultimate scene, Faustus is tested to give into the temptations of the seven deadly sins. We find him deceived by lust, one of the deadly sins, as he yields to the hit of Helen, despite the advice of the old man. Even in the last scene, Faustus is spooked by the power of evil than the trust in God. His so called repentance is the mere voice of forethought than a firm prayer to God. hence we find the prevalence of free-will and willful submission to the fears of his mind.5. SettingsDoctor Faustus stand on the verge of two eras the Renaissance and the centre of attention Ages. Some aspects of the setting are distinctly medieval. For example, the world of Doctor Faustus includes heaven and hell, as did the religious dramas of the medieval period. The play, is often, lined up with supernatural characters angels and demons, who might have stepped onstage right out of a cathedral. Like in the plays of Middle Ages, few of the background characters are in fiery pursuit of salvation. But, the setting of Doctor Faustus is also a Renaissance period the period of European history at the close of the Middle Ages and the rise of the modern world that gave rise to a cultural rebirth through the 14th to the middle of the 17th centuries.The atmosphere of the play is speculative. People are often asking question never dream of in the Middle Ages. For example, people are asking, Is ther a hell? Faustus h imself is seized by worldly ambitions. He is far more concerned about luxurious silk gowns and fibrous war-machines than saving his soul. Was there a dividing line between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance ? The answer is there wasnt. Both old and new ways of thinking existed side by side as people lived through a long period of transition. Transition is the key to the setting of the play.6. Stage DirectionMost of the stage direction are written within the dialogue of the script. Only few stage directions in parenthetical are the entrances, exits. Damnd be his soul for ever for this deed Exeunt all except Faustusand Mephistopheles Occasionally, especially during the scene involving the Pope, we find the occasional I pledge your grace. Snatches the cup.. and Nay, then, take that. Strikes the POPE. Each of these types of stage direction helps us to better understand of the action of the play. If the stage direction is in the direction, the audience not only hears what the action is about but they also get to see it. Likewise, if the stage direction is in parenthetical, then the director knows what Marlowe wants the scene to look like.7. ScenesAllowances must be made for the shattered form in which Doctor Faustus survives. Originally, the play may have had the loose five-act structure suggested by the 1616 text. Or it may simply have been a collection of scenes or movements, as in the shorter rendering of 1604. In fact, the act divisions in Doctor Faustus are the additions of later editors. Scholars have made their own decisions about the plays probable cut-off points. Thats wherefore no two editions of Doctor Faustus have identical act and scene numbers.8. ThemeA study in ambition, Dr. Faustus is someone who is an overreacher, a man who strives against pitying limitations. Faustus tries to do more than is humanly possible. He seeks to know, possess, and experience everything under the sun.There are two ways to read Doctor FaustusFirst, the play glorifies a mbition. Though Faustus is in the end undone, his dreams emerge larger than the forces that defeat him. Second, the play criticizes ambition. Faustus falls to great depths from lofty heights. Whats more, his larger-than-life dreams are cut down to size by the pointed ironies of Mephistophilis. Thus we can say that Doctor Faustus is a great play of all the times.

Examination of Clinical Psychology Essay

clinical psychology is a broad science that involves psychologists ensuring the mental rise up-being of a patient. Its focus is diagnosing, treating, and if possible, averting psychological disorders. The field of clinical psychology applies to every demographic from young children to the elderly, families or case-by-cases, and anes socioeconomic status is not a factor in whether he or she should receive give-and-take.Clinical psychology deals with a broad range of specialties, including individuals who have been diagnosed with disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder or those who be make do with personal issues, such as being fired from his or her place of employment or going through a divorce. Psychologists in this field adduce patients the opportunity to voice his or her frustrations while dishing the patient to understand and manage their situations in a healthy manner. Clinical psychologists are skilled in using numerous methods intended to help patients, all depending on his or her area of expertise.History of Clinical Psychology Although established as a lucid field in the late 1800s, the study of psychology has been dated back as far as 2500 B. C. In those days, approaches to examining mental health included the supernatural, holistic, ghostly and medical perspectives. Grecian physician Hippocrates, also known as the father of ancient medicine, played a consider satisfactory role in the development of psychology. Hippocrates developed the theory of humors, which states that quad humors, or bodily fluids, are the key to good health.These fluids were corrosive bile, yellow bile, phlegm, and blood (Plante, 2010). Too much phlegm in the em embody will make an individual tired and lethargic too much blood in the body would gravel irritability too much black bile causes melancholy, and too much yellow bile causes anxiety. Not unlike present-day doctors, Hippocrates believed a healthy diet and exercise could aid in preventing or tr eating these symptoms but he was also a promoter of blood-letting, which essentially meant the patient would be bled dry with the intention of returning the four humors to their natural state.Greek philosopher Plato potently believed that the soul has free will and the body will perform as the soul wills it to. He felt that mental illness is caused by something malfunctioning in the part of the soul that controls reason and an individuals lack of self-awareness were the cause of the symptoms. Aristotle maintained a scientific emphasis and felt that certain distinct wound up states including joy, anger, fear, and courage impacted the functioning of the serviceman body (Plante, 2010).Another Greek physician, Galen, took all of these perspectives and created one of the most influential medical programs in the history of psychology. Galen dual-lane the same beliefs as his predecessors concerning the theory of humors and blood-letting, and although some of his ideas were imperfect, h e was able to make great strides in medicine with his rationalizations of poor health and its origins. With the Middle Ages came a varied type of explanation of mental illness.During this time, many people thought the reasoning behind abnormal behavior had more(prenominal) to do with supernatural forces rather than the body or soul. There were some, however, such as Saint Thomas Aquinas and Bishop Nicholas Oresme, who did not believe that mental illness had anything to do with supernatural forces and correctly speculated that these afflictions were caused by physical or mental abnormalities. In the 16th century, Swiss physician Paracelsus went as far as to reveal that he believed the movements of the stars had an effect on ones mood and developed more civilized treatments for the mentally ill.Subsequent to Paracelsus, Juan Luis Vives and Johann Weyer switched the focus of what causes mental illnesses from the soul and supernatural forces to behavior, and like Paracelsus, advocated for humane treatment of patients. The conversion era and the 19th century brought along with them the re-emergence of medical treatments, leaving supernatural and religious approaches behind. It was during this time psychologists learned that affected organs in the body could cause illness and possibly lead to death.Ultimately, the discovery of such scientific findings would usher in a parvenu era of clinical psychology and render Greek ideologies a thing of the past. Psychology officially became a valid field in 1879 when German physician Wilhelm Wundt opened his laboratory of psychology at the University of Leipzig in Germany. Wundt conducted many experiments in his laboratory, with a focus on human reaction. His intent was to study behavior in order to acquire a better grounds of the mind and its workings by using scientific methods. Four years later, Lightner Witmer opened the first sychological clinic in Pennsylvania (Plante, 2010).During this time, many professionals in th e field were more interested in experimental psychology and were against the idea of human behavior being applied to clinical situations. Despite misgivings concerning the new field, clinical psychology was able to flourish and has come a long way since earlier opposition. Evolving Nature of Clinical Psychology The evolution of methods of diagnosis and treatment in medicine has been characterized by the gradual accumulation over many centuries of a large body of objectively recorded observations (Routh, 2000).With technology ever-changing to fit the modern standards of today, so too does the field of clinical psychology. New scientific breakthroughs are made constantly in regard to human behavior, the brain and how they relate to one another. To correspond with these new empirical-based findings, clinical psychology evolves its methods as well. A key factor in this evolution is the immense effort put into attempting to understand the human mind, its abnormalities, and where they ori ginate from. modern-day clinical psychology is the epitome of scientific progression as it improves its methods of learning as much as possible about the evolving human mind. Research and Statistics in Clinical Psychology Research and statistics are an essential element to clinical psychology. Research is used to verify or refute a theory, while statistics are used to prove the validity and reliability of a theory. The collected empirical results aid questioners in creating helpful approaches to advanced treatments for those who need it.With these findings, psychologists are able to help individuals with a broad spectrum of issues, from relationship problems to more serious matters, such as depression or the death of a loved one. Statistics are applied to feel how essential the gathered data is to the research conducted. The two disciplines combined assist researchers in developing more useful approaches in the treatment of patients. Differences between Clinical Psychology and Oth er Mental Health Professions Some of the differences between clinical psychology and other disciplines are education requirements, work duties and salary.Individuals who desire to become clinical psychologists must(prenominal) obtain either a Doctorate of Philosophy (Ph. D. ) or a Doctorate of Psychology (Psy. D. ). Those who choose the Ph. D. are focused on the research of psychology and those who choose the Psy. D. are more interested in working in a clinical setting. The work duties of a clinical psychologist include assessing an individuals mental health and trying to find the most appropriate treatment for him or her by analyzing the patients surroundings and interpersonal relationships.Regarding salary, psychologists tidy sum earn anywhere from $45,000-150,000 annually, depending on how long he or she has been in practice and how successful that practice is (Grohol, 2011). To become a neighborly worker, one must obtain a Masters degree (MSW) to work in a school or mental he alth environment. Social workers help individuals or families to deal with issues such as domestic strife, social problems, or child abuse just to name a few. Depending on the subfield, the salary of a social worker varies. Psychiatry is a field that is often confused with psychology.Though there is not much of a difference between the two, psychiatry deals with the treatment of the mind while psychology deals with the science of the mind. To become a psychiatrist, one must obtain a medical degree followed by an additional four years of training in a medical facility. The one huge difference between psychiatrists and psychologists is psychiatrists have the authority to prescribe medication to his patients as well as psychotherapy. Psychiatrists may earn between $66,000-180,000 annually (Healthcare Salary Online, 2010). Like clinical psychologists, school psychologists must also obtain a four-year undergraduate degree.As the title suggests, school psychologists typically work in scho ol settings evaluating students and creating school plans to fit the students needs. However, school psychologists are not only limit to working inside schools. They may also work in private practice, providing consultations for education-based companies. The salary for this field differs, depending on the area. The average annual salary for a 190-day gouge ranges from $47,880. 00 to $67,070. 00, while top salaries can exceed $100,000 (National Association of School Psychologists, n. d. ). ConclusionTo sum up, the field of psychology has come a long way since its root in 2500 B. C. Thanks to physicians like Hippocrates, Plato, Wundt, and many others who were able to pave the way for psychologists of today, many people are able to reap the benefits and receive the help that is needed. technology is ever changing, and with it comes the evolution of high-tech approaches to analyzing and treating the human psyche. Although all of the disciplines under psychology may differ somewhat, they all have the same goal, which is to assist in complying with the necessities of the human mind to impart a continuing aptitude to survive.

Current Issues in Management Essay

Executive SummaryAim of this studyThis study is to analysis the selected airline lineage environment and Corporate Social state (CSR) program implementations of some airline and comp are with the selected airline.What is CSRCSR is an approach to business that takes account of issues associated with society and the environment in addition to more traditional business concerns of shareholders and profits.The low-fare airline Ryanair doing about CSRWe nominate see the result of Ryanair CSR performance from the interviewee in this section. Analysis and discuss how the airline performance Corporate Social Responsibility.1. INTRODUCTIONIn the polish few decades, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has grown in importance, which is reflected by an change magnitude demand from consumers, employees, legislative systems, and the society for inclusive evaluations about how corporations are confluence acceptable standards. CSR plays an serious role in the formation of airlines strategies due to the unique characteristics of the airline industry. Nevertheless, CSR in the airline industry has received relatively little management from academics. The purpose of this study are to understand and analysis how the selected airline communicates to the outside world by implementing CSR programs. This research is exploratory by nature and is based on CSR reports published by the selected airline and think CSR information on the attach to websites.This topic has been chose because of the importance of CSR in business, more specifically in airline industry. What makes the drill CSR programs in airline industry a particularly interesting topic to research is the highly competitive and pollutive nature of the industry. This competitive market has been caused by the equipment casualty sensitivity of customers, and their desire to get good service at a decent price, as salutary as by the saturated nature of cut market due to multiple operators. In order to compete in the ma rket, companies have to be cost efficient while providing best possible service. This, however, is tough due to high operating costs that influence the whole industry.CSR is considered to be a vital part of any contemporary business strategy. In our judging localiseing on CSR washbowl provide airlines with both operational efficiency, as well as image benefits. People are becoming more certain of the fond and environmental effects of their consuming habits, hence it be projected that innovative and responsible companies will continue to do well in the future, as their swear outs affect the purchasing behavior of customers.The purpose of this study is to provide overview of CSR, discuss and analysis the performance of selected airline in corporate social certificate of indebtedness.2. LITERATURE look into ON CORPORATE SOCIAL certificate of indebtedness IN AIRLINE INDUSTRYCorporate are inseparable from society. Nowadays, the righteousness of corporations is non solely pro viding products and service, it must also take care of the welfare of the various stakeholders in society (Robin, 1987). Corporate nowadays do not primarily focus on profits exclusively creation society responsible which generates more intangible take account. Consumers prefer to be associated with socially responsible cooperates and as a result of this, corporate will share response to this area and play a private role.First, the winging of airplanes will adversely affect the global environment (Miyoshi, 2009). Favorable public image laughingstock be created if the airline greening the environment. Secondly, promoting CSR is an attractive differentiation strategy, it gains competitive advantages and growing competition between airlines when airlines are offering increasingly similar products and service in market place. For meeting the expectations of various stakeholders and customers, airlines can fulfill their responsibilities as a corporate citizen especially for forei gn airlines operates in multiple countries.There seems to be no universally agreed definition of CSR (Frankental, 2001). He even argues that CRS is a vague and intangible term which can mean anything to anybody, and therefore is effectively without meaning. The continuing trueness by business to behave ethically and contribute to economic festering while improving the quality of life of the familiarity and society at large(Holmes and Watts, 2000). It is in general agreed that CSR refers to the obligations of the firm to society (Smith, 2003).2.1 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY THEORIES AND STRATEGIESCSR acknowledges four kinds of responsibilities economic, legal, ethical and philanthropic. The economic responsibility refers to the firms obligationsto be productive, profitable, and to maintain wealth. slosheds legal responsibility refers to carrying out their activities within the confines of legal requirements. For ethical responsibility refers to having ethical codes, norms going beyond mere legal frameworks, and being honest in their relationships with their customers and their own employees. Finally, the discretionary component includes voluntary or philanthropic activities aiming to raise the well-being and development of society as a whole (Carrol, 1911). CSR issues under a variety of headings Marketplace, workplace, community and environment will be used as CSR components.Safety is the well-nigh important social responsibility for the airmanship industry. From All Nippon nisus airs CSR report 2009, the company reports the preventive measures for two incidents occurred in 2008 that influenced stakeholder trust in the airline. In order to improve workplace relationship and employee morale, Korean Air has created an Employee Counseling Center to resolve complaints and receive suggestions from employees. For community, I Can Fly Program from Cathay Pacific, program is designed to encourage young commonwealth to fly high and to reach for their dream s. Being an international airline, Cathay pacifics community investments also extend to communities outside of Hong Kong. Singapore Airline participates the Asia and Pacific opening move to Reduce Emission (ASPIRE) Program in 2010, demonstrated green flight, which operated from Los Angeles to Singapore via Tokyo. As a result, it was able to use around 6% less render than normally required for a similar flight.Nowadays, customers are more aware of ethical consumption so that the airlines act in positive role in society by implementing some corporate social responsibilities programs. At the same times, consumers are also vulnerable to the problems and crises they are facing to, such as crisis in values and climate change, huge differences among people and also economic crisis in positive countries. Therefore, company can gain customer satisfaction and market value when they are applying the above CSR components.Corporate social responsibility means that organizations take on respons ibility towards another(prenominal)s in society, not merely on their shareholders and customers (Holloway, 2004). On the other hand, corporate socialresponsibility also can improve our quality of life in the local community to solving environmental or socio-cultural problems topically or globally. CSR has found a positive relationship in both the short and long terms (Lee and Park, 2009). (Kang et al, 2010) examined the effects of positive effects of positive (proactive) and banish (reactive) CSR activities.2.2 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY CHALLENEGES AND ISSUESDespite the potential of a Value Chain approach, the following issues need to be considered if the airline is planning to adopt or develop further more comprehensive CSR activities.Financial implicationsThe Low-Fares Airlines business model relies on cost-reduction (Grob and Schroder, 2007). There are costs associated with implementing a CSR strategy but some(prenominal) are already accounted for within existing budget lines such as Charitable giving, environmental management programs, corporate sponsorship and etc.StaffingMonitoring, evaluation and management of CSR objectives and related actions do require a staffing freight in order to facilitate accurate reporting of costs and benefits. The size of the staffing commitment depends on the size and commitment of an organization. British Airways at the time of writing employed 30 staff working on CSR related initiatives (GreenAir 2008)TimeImplement on CSR is a modal(a) to long-term commitment that can only be fully achieved with realistic timescales built in from the start. However, there are some objectives, or quick wins, that can be realized in the short-term.2.3 SUMMARY OF KEY CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ELEMENTSReview of the corporate social responsibility theories, strategies,challenges and issue has shown that virtually of the international airlines (for example, Cathay Pacific Airline, Air France-KML, British Airways and etc) are ve ry proactive in some of CSR components, for example, climate change and environment customer relations by proving a level of customer service and comfort that ensure customer loyalty by focusing safety and security staff personal development of the airlines staff by offering personalized career advice, training and encouraging job mobility within the group. However, some of budget airlines, they are not really focus on CSR as a business strategy, the reason are airlines didnt want to spend too much money on CSR because they need to control expenses for other resources to ensure tickets are low prices. Therefore, those budget airlines only focus on environment and community only.3.1 COMPANY BACKGROUNDRyanair was conventional in 1985 by the Ryan family with 1 share capital and 25 staff. Operation started with daily flights from Waterford in the southeast of Ireland to London on 15 Bandeirante aircraft (Ryanair, 2010). In 1987, the company acquired their first jet aircraft and as a res ult increased their network with 15 scheduled highways from Dublin to Liverpool, Glasgow, Manchester, Cardiff and opened new routes from Luton to West of Ireland. Consequently the subroutine of passengers increased to over 600,000, but the company soon faced intense price competition with Aer Lingus and British Airways resulting to 20m loss. During the 1990s, Ryanair decided to restructure the company by copy Southwest Airline low fares model (Ryanair, 2010).3.2 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AUDIT OF RYANAIRFrom the above audit, it showed that community projects, local skill training, advertising, disability access and ethical policies are not good from interviewees view. CO2 emissions, charity giving, pricing, training investment and safety are just fair. However, Ryanair are good in environmental responsibility for example paper usage, water usage and muff. To understand why the interview gave this result, it will be discussed by using the following evidences.4. ANALYSIS AND contend OF RYANAIR CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY PERFORMANCERyanair Corporate Social Responsibility activities report in 2011, it showedenvironment, emissions trading, ethical codes and staff benefits will be implemented in coming year. For instance, Ryanair released two press releases about its 2008 cabin Crew Charity Calendar, seven press releases for its 2009 Cabin Crew Calendar, and one press release for its 2012 Cabin Crew Calendar. Also, they even created a website for greening the environment. However, the charity calendar and other philanthropic efforts were not recognitioned since 2008 annual report. In 2011 annual report, it also didnt mention what kind of activities they did for the environment and how much fuel consumption they used. The following are the Corporate Social Responsibility performance of Ryanair between 2009 and 2012.For community, Fredrick (1986) developed the CSR analysis to include an ethical base to managerial decision taking in the form of corporat e social rectitude and terms this CSR3. The theory claims that the study of business and community necessarily an ethical anchor to allow a systematic critique of businesss impact upon human consciousness and human continuity. When consumers book tickets at their website, charged price at the purchased stage is higher than the showed price at book tickets page. Real price has been hidden, it also counted as unethical. If the companys action can have either a positive or a negative impact on the quality of a group or unmarrieds life, then the group or individual is a stakeholder of that company (Lepineux, 2005).On the other hand, Ryanair was not willing to provide services to those people who are disabled and older passengers has resulted in court ruling and got fines from court. After that, the airline increased the fare to all passengers and started lobbing airport and airlines, not to provide free services to disabled passengers. In 2010, The central London Country Court found i t had acted unlawfully due to there was a passenger who I suffering from intellectual palsy and arthritis and be charged GBP18. Eventually, the one claimed GBP1136.Another important example of Ryanairs unethical practices is their advert in 2012. Two UK newspaper adverted for Ryanair have been censor after complaints from readers that they were sexist and treated women as objects (BCC News, 2012). The advertising Standards Authority (ASA) received 17 complaints of this advertising, and said they were likely to cause offence. However, the airline said the adverts promoted its cabin work party charity calendar and usedimages taken directly from it (BBC news, 2012).The company faced probe by the Office of Fair Trading (OFT) after a mountain chain of complaints and the rules have been breached seven times in two years (BBC News, 2009).Corporate Social Responsibility as the purpose of business and the knowledge and abilities of those that run the business (Worthington and Britton, 199 7). Of course, every company is making profit, even Ryanair. Therefore, their operation and the impact on the environment have to be administrated. Ryanair is not very good in marketplace of the CSR components. They got a lot of complaints of cancellations, missing bags and denied boarding. In 2011, the aviation watchdog revealed that Ryanair and EasyJet were subject to the most complaints from British airline passengers in 2010.From Ryanair website, it shows that baggage complaints per 1,000 passengers have increased from 1.18 to 1.88 from 2010 to 2011 respectively. EasyJet had the most complaints with 719 and Ryanair following with 673. It was also noted that Ryanair complaints have risen by 70% since 2005 and the Liberal Democrats said that the numbers proved service standards is a casualty of begin fares (Guardian, 2010). As explained earlier safety is the most important social responsibility for the aviation industry. However, the flight to East Midlands Airport was forced to make an emergency set down and oxygen masks were deployed (The Sun, 2012).There are differences between Ryanair and its competitors in terms of services and how they are delivered. Ryanair pledges simply to get passengers from point A to B safely and at lowest price. Some seats are sold as little as 1 or 1, however, if flights are delayed, passengers should not expect free refreshments (Emerald, 2007). At the same time, the airline treats their employees are different with other airlines e.g. Southwest airline. Southwest airline believes that customers deserve respect, fun and dignity but that their employees come first. This is because employees would treat customers the way they are been treated (Emerald, 2007). Employees from Ryanair are disregard. Also the company is in major dispute with its operation being socially irresponsible.5. STRATEGIC CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY RECOMMENDATIONS FOR RYANAIRCorporate Social responsibility is very important for growth of the busines s so that the airline should be more social responsible by addressing the demands of the stakeholders. build the sense in the organization being socially responsible will improve corporate image to create value.In my opinion, environmental issues should be considered the most important. Despite the airline can only contribute few percent to global CO2 emissions, there still are so many people will consider flying to be much more harmful. Therefore airlines are pressured into contributing to the environment and reducing their environment impact. Moreover, focusing on environmental issues airline can gain competitive edge through improved image and operational efficiency. Fuel efficiency, waste and recycling should be the most important to be addressed.CO2 emissions nowadays can be considered. To tackle the issue of emissions, most of the airlines have implemented programs that aim to reduce overall emissions within a certain time period. For example, Air France aims to reduce CO2 em issions 1-2 % annually. This is also important in order to achieve emissions target set by IATA. Most of the airlines focus on improving fuel efficiency, as it is by far the biggest source of emissions. Ryanair should reduce fuel consumption immediately, improved maintenance and engine washing, improved route planning and navigation.Waste and recycling are the second important environmental topic. Waste produced by in-flight operations comprises of aluminum, plastic, mixed paper and organic waste. Chemical waste includes deicing and antifreeze products, paint and detergents used in washing airplanes and engines. Other waste sources are normal business operations where paper is the predominant material. Most airlines reviewed are toilsome to reduce waste and focus on recycling. Airlines should move towards recycling and reduction of waste production in all operational areas. In my opinion this can be achieved by favoring longer dogged, recyclable or biodegradable materials i.e. inc atering operations.Airlines have a high impact on neighborhoods and communities surrounding their major hubs. The airline should support communities by recruiting and training staff, offering educational support and etc. i.e mentioned previously I Can Fly Program from Cathay Pacific.Creating the organizational culture of shared values where employees are willing and enjoy to work. Empower employees to do their job, support and encourage them in their decisions. When employees are empowers to do their job and be respected at work place, they will feel that they are part of the organization and their decision are appreciated, then they will work wholeheartedly at the airline. It can improve customer servicing, reduce complaints and improve airline performance.Safety measures also to be one of the most important areas of airline business, concerning customers as well as employees. Therefore various systems should be implemented to support safe business operations. In order to ensure w ork safety, trainings supported by assay management systems should be implemented. Key performances should be regularly measured and improved according to the legal requirements.6. CONCLUSIONIn the recent years the importance of CSR has been increasing immensely in the airline industry. Although in many aspects airlines are still behind in comparison to other industries, it has been made apparent that environmentalism and social responsibility issues will only increase in importance in the coming years and decades. Having a business strategy is as essential as never before due to a high need in business life for forecasting, measuring and developing business actions further. There will always be competitors that are potentially doing better business regarding overall revenue which consequently leads to a need of efficient and structured operations to ensure long lasting business success.Businesses that are going to last and also be profitable in the future are the oneswith CSR inco rporated into their business strategy. We therefore believe that implementing it is inevitable. manage many other business aspects a clear vision on how to implement CSR is crucial. Therefore a road map needs to be developed in order to ensure a successful outcome. It allows the firm to be successful whilst using its resources within its unique environment to meet market needs as well as meet stakeholder expectations ( effort Canada 2006, pp. 32-33).7. ReferencesAlle, M. M and Schmitz, A. M. (2004). Ryanair plc. Sminaire delaboration dun Business Plan, p. 1-45.Moir, L. (2001). What do we mean by corporate social responsibility. Corporate Governance, 1, 2, p. 16-22.Y CO Worthington, I and Britton, C. (1997). The business environment. 2nd Edition. Pitman Publishing LondonHolloway, C. J. (2004). Marketing for tourism. Harlow etc. Prentice HallLee, S., Park, S.Y., 2009. Do socially responsible activities help hotels and casinos achieve their financial goals? International Journal of Ho spitality Management 28, 105112Kang, K., Lee, S., Huh, C., 2010. Impacts of positive and negative corporate social responsibility activities on company performance in the hospitality industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management 29, 7282.Alle, M. M and Schmitz, A. M. (2004). Ryanair plc. Sminaire delaboration dun Business Plan, p. 1-45.Appelbaum, H.S and Fewster, M. B. (2004). Safety and Customer Service Contemporary Practices in Diversity, Organizational Development and Training and Development in the Global Civil Aviation Industry. Management Research News. 27, 10, p. 1-26.BBCNews. (2008). Ryanair faces probe over adverts. on-linehttp//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7337165.stm Accessed 13/03.2010.Bowman, C and Faulkner, D. (1995). The essence of competitive strategy. 1st Edition. Prentice Hall.Carr, S., Penson, R and Bendell, T. (1995). The quality gurus-their approaches described and considered. Managing Service Quality. 5, 6, p. 44-48.Chilosi, A and Damiani, M. (2007) . Stakeholders vs shareholders in corporate government. Munich Personal RePEc Archive. PN, 2334, p. 1-50.Davies, W. (2000).Understanding strategy. Strategy and Leadership. 28, 5, p. 25-30. information Monitor. (2008). Ryanair holdings plc. Data Monitor Europe London.Data Monitor. (2009). Ryanair holdings plc. Data Monitor Europe London.Donaldson, T., Preston, L.E. The stakeholder theory of the corporation concepts, evidence and implications. Academy of Management Review. Vol, 20, 1, 1995, pp.65-91.Emerald. Easyjet and Ryanair flying high on the Southwest model. Strategic Direction. Vol, 22, 6, 2006, pp. 18-21.

Purpose of a Project Scope/Baseline

Defining view scope is the process of developing a detailed description of the project and product. The processes used to draw off project scope, as well as the supporting tools and techniques, vary by application area and are usu aloney defined as part of the project life cycle. The approved detailed project scope statement and its associated WBS and WBS dictionary are the scope baseline for the project. This baseline is then monitored, verified, and controlled throughout the lifecycle of the project.The purpose of project scope is to provide the project organization and the project manager with a road map of both the work to be completed, as well as the types of final deliverables sought. In some cases the scope document and the SOW are practically identical. For example, while the scope document may portray the end product or service to be produced and delivered by the project, it should non be treated as a document for technical specifications. Changes happen as a dissolver of several reasonsAs the result of initial planning errors- Because many projects make significant technology risks and uncertainty, it is often impossible to accurately distinguish for all potential problems or technological roadblocks. As a result, many projects require midcourse changes to specifications when they encounter unsolvable problems or unexpected difficulties. As a result of additional knowledge of project conditions- The project team or client may enter into a project, only to discover that specific project features or the development environment itself require midcourse changes to scope.Uncontrollable mandates- In some circumstances, events occur outside the control of the project manager or team that must be factored into the project as it moves forward. Client requests- As a projects clients learn more about the project, they often ask for significant alternations to address untested needs. Also, reasons for changing the project may be poor communication pressur e/time constraints preventing effective definitive design contracts signed when scope in not frozen changes from initial design poor initial planning lack of project management tools and others.In simple terms, configuration management is the best dumb as the Systematic Management and Control of Project Change. The specific tasks of the configuration management discipline are as follows * Configuration identification This process identifies all items uniquely within the configuration, which establishes a successful method for requesting a change and ensures that no change takes place without authority.In addition, every configuration item should be physically labeled so that the label identifies that physical item as the one recorded in the configuration register. In the case of large projects that involve numerous configuration items, it is important to establish a baseline configuration to provide some structure and avoid confusion. * Configuration control This is a ashes thro ugh which changes may be do to configuration items.As change request begin to appear, the configuration control system ensures that no change is made without assessment of its impact, either by the people potentially affected by the change, or without approval by an appropriate authority. * Configuration condition accounting- This process, which records and reports the current status and history of all changes to the configuration system, provides a complete record of what happened to the configuration system to date. * Configuration audit These audits are performed to ensure conformity between the items in the configuration and their specifications.Audits ensure not only a match between what is delivered and what was required, but also consistency throughout all project documents. To avoid the woo and delays associated with uncontrolled changes, many organizations have set up formal procedures to control them- and have further extended those procedures upstream to anticipate ch anges well before occur. Establishing a configuration control system provides such a framework for anticipating what may not be obvious.

Pakistan Telecommunication Company

Despite having established a interlocking of enormous ize, PTCL workings and policies gravel attracted regular criticism from former(a) sm every last(predicate)er operators and the civil society of Pakistan. Pakistan telecom Corporation (PTC) took over operations and functions from Pakistan Telephone and Telegraph Department under Pakistan telecom Corporation Act 1991. This coincided with the political sciences competitive policy, encouraging private welkin participation and, lately, data communication services.Pursuing a progressive policy, the Government in 1991, announced its plans to privatizePTCL, and in 1994 issued six illion vouchers exchangeable into 600 million sh atomic subroutine 18s of the would-be PTCL in two separate placements. Each had a par value of Rs. 10 per shargon. These vouchers were converted into PTCL shargons in mid-1996. In 1995, Pakistan Telecommunication (Reorganization) Ordinance formed the basis for PTCL monopoly over basic telephony in the country . The provisions of the Ordinance were lent permanence in October 1996 through Pakistan Telecommunication (Reorganization) Act.The same year, Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited was formed and listed on all stock exchanges of Pakistan PTCL launched its mobile and data services subsidiaries in 001 by the name of Ufone and PakNet respectively. no(prenominal) of the brands made it to the top slots in the respective competitions. Lately, however, Ufone had add its foodstuff share in the cellular sector. The PakNet brand has effectively dissolved over the period of metre. modern DSL services launched by PTCL reflects this by the introduction of a new brand name and operation of the service being this instant supervised by PTCL.Mission To achieve our vision by having An organizational environment that fosters professionalism, motivation and quality An environment that is cost effective and quality conscious Services that are ground on the most optimum technology Quality and Time conscious customer service Sustained growth in earnings and profitability centre of attention Values Professional Integrity Teamwork Customer Satisfaction Loyalty to the Company Chapter 2. Products of company Products of Company List of products or services 1. PTCL smart tv 3. internationalist Calls 4. Local calls 5. Broadband Wireless 6. Easy learning 7.Ip connect 8. Audio conferencing 9. Business DSL 10. Broad band Pakistan 11. VMS 12. Calling Cards 13. PTCL Plus 14. Vfone 15. 36 16. Evo wingle 9. 3Mbps 17. Evo Moblie 18. Ufone Mobile 19. Ufone Sims Chapter 3. Porters Five forces model Five forces looks at five key areas namely brat of new entry, power of buyers, power of suppliers, nemesis of substitutes, and competitive rivalry. brat of New Entry As government of Pakistan is showing liberalism in case of telecom sector and opened its policies to award new licensees to new mobile service providers so threat of new entry is high. ? As set-up cost is in billions of dollar s so in this case threat of new entry is low, but there are companies who are working to achieve licenses and approaching PTA to know terms and conditions for this. ? As for this business companies need a well established distributions and franchises network so threat of new entrant is high in this case. Bargaining Power of Buyers Power of buyer is high in telecom sector. There are six market players and players are offering different tracts at different prices and a situation of price war is running.Buyers have a power to buy any package which is suited to them. Cost of switching from one company package to other(a) company package is low. Hence, power of buyers is high. Bargaining Power of Suppliers hat numbers of suppliers are few in the market but they are competing in the market to make agreements with mobile service providers. Threat of Substitute Products Government overly gave so many land lines and wireless local loop licenses to different companies like PTCL wireless l ocal loop, GO CDMA etc. hese services in future go forth be like mobile phone services like they are planning to offer services a lot but currently they are offering SMS and CLI services to their customers. Rivalry among Competing Firms in Industry Currently there are six market players but in future they allow for be eight and nine oe ven more. Thuraya satellite service is offering subscribers freedom of mobility and uninterrupted service. Thurayas satellite technology supplements of existing mobile service providers, overcoming the challenges of large geographic areas and insurmountable terrain. ut will also generate new revenue streams for future growth. Thecompany also continued to invest in infrastructure go againstment andaddition of network capacity with a view to enhance services and toexpand its reach across the country. SWOT ANALYSISStrengths Largest operational network and infrastructure within ICT(lnformation Communication Technologies) segment. .An integrated Monopo ly. foodstuff leadership in Local loop, Wireless local loop (WLL) andfixed telephony. PTCL (Ufone) is market challenger in GSM segment. Ufone is performing well though Warid and Telenor are toughcompetitors.PTCL, Ufones profitability increased by 49. 2percent to Rs 977 million in 1 H/FY07 as compared to Rs 655million in the corresponding period last. Competitors still depend on PTCL network either directly orindirectly. Experienced Telecom Resources. Weakness Not been able to nurture its growth around customerservices oriented strategy. Paknet, the internet service provider arm of PTCL continuesto incur losses due to poor management and lack of network optimization. PTCL-V, the fixed wireless phone service is poor. Over employment & low productivity. Slow decision qualification including external interferences.Corporate acculturation akin to government sections Chaper. 5. PEST Analyts A PEST analysis is an analysis of the external macro-environment that affects all securelys. P. E. S. T. is an abbreviation for the governmental, frugal, Social, and Technological factors of the external macro-environment. such external factors usually are beyond he firms control and sometimes present themselves as threats. For this reason, some say that PEST is an appropriate term for these factors. many macro- environmental factors are country-specific and a PEST analysis will need to be performed for all countries of interest.The following are examples of some of the 0 Economic O well-disposed 0 Technological 1. Political Analysis- Political factors are those which are directly controlled by the political parties and Government they could be able to bring directly in any situation or in any industry. So they create a major impact on any industry. Factors that Creating Threats Political instability In Pakistan Political environment are not stable that is the major threat for telecommunication industry because no one knows at what time Government will change and with the change of government policies will also change.Risk of martial law In Pakistan Risk of martial Law is always threat for all the industries and in the dictatorship they could not be able to explore themselves and do not grow as they could be. Terrorism Terrorism is the Major fuss that is facing Pakistan in now a daytimes that is the most crucial factor that is hurdle in the growing in the telecommunication sector because o one knows about the terrorist activities. Pricing regulations In Pakistan government dictates the pricing regulations so that influence the smooth working of the telecommunication industry.Rapid change in Regulations In Pakistan Government is changing the policies precise rapidly so that creates instability. Factors Creating Opportunities Industrial safety regulations Now the government of Pakistan is trying to give the maximum Protection to this sector and passing number of Laws to make it more safe and stable. Development of PTA Government of Pakistan had developed Pakistan telecommunication Authority (PTA) o that helps in the establishing Business in Pakistan in more cost-efficient manner.Investor Friendly Environment Government is trying to provide investor friendly environment to give the more benefit to the investors and give them maximum safety. 2. Economic Analysis- Economic factors are directly controlled and influenced by the financial institutions like State Bank of Pakistan (SBP). So they help the industry in liberal economic soundness and provide financial aids to survive in the time of crises. ? Factors that Creating Threats In Pakistan Although an proper Institution for telecommunication sector working PTA) but Government is influencing the working of that department and imposing the policies made by politicians. Overall economic conditions are not very sound Over all economic conditions are not very good for any industry because rate of inflation is increasing day by day and value of currency is going down which causi ng increase in the value of loan payable that is another major threat for telecommunication industry.Efficiency of financial market is not so Good In Pakistan all the financial institutions are controlled by government rather then the head of financial Institution State Bank of Pakistan (SBP). Rate of interest is increasing day by day it is approximately 21% which is higher then any country in the world so it makes impossible for the telecommunication industry to transmit loan facility. Country risk of Pakistan goes to 3 Risk rate of economy of Pakistan goes to 3 out of 5 that is the alarming situation for the Pakistan as well as all the industries of Pakistan.Currently government has increased the taxes Currently government has increased the taxes on the telecommunication sector so that reduces the income of the telecommunication sector some of the examples of that are addicted below etc Pre-paid customers were charged 10 per cent withholding tax on every new load, which was ded ucted in advance 0 With 15 per cent sales tax on every call increased the sales tax from 15 per cent to 21 percent for mobile users. Foreign Direct investing funds During 2010 telecommunication sector attracted US $ 142. 7 million FDI which was 26. % of the total FDI in the country during this period. So government is trying to give maximum benefit to the telecommunication industry. Lowest Labor Rates in the worldDuring the quarter ending December 2009, telecom sector Labor Cost of Pakistan is ery Low as Compared to other Countries so that is also an opportunity for the Telecommunication sector. Fastest Growing Industry in the Pakistan Telecommunication industry is the fastest growing industry in the Pakistan that shows that investment is quite comfortable in telecommunication sector. . Social Analysis- are working if they try to dictate the social factors that create the threats to that industry and if they work with in the social norms then social factors become the key to succ ess. Factors that Creating Opportunities The Pakistani race are more social Pakistani people are more social so they have family system and they want to remain in contact with other through any means so that is the opportunity for telecommunication sector to capture the feelings of the people.Celebrate lot of festivals like Pakistani people celebrate a lot of festivals on that occasion they try to make contact to their all family members and other at any cost these occasions are Jashn-e- Saharan, Eid Celebrations and other cultural festivals. They create the lot of opportunities for telecommunication industry so they make calls to their relatives articularly on that festivals. community is increasing Rapidly The total population of Pakistan is approximately 169,248,500. The population is increasing rapidly which increase the number of cellular usage and help in communicate high profits. ? Factors Creating Threats Un better People Low Educated people could not be able to understa nd the language of telecommunication (ZEM 1. 0, ZEM 2. 0 etc). That create misinterpretation and create threat about the particular package. Corruption Corruption is the major threat for any industry in the Pakistan that is because people re unaware and un educated but now these telecommunication companies are working on that like. Khamoshi Ka Boycott (Djutce) O KRO MUMKIN (Telenor) These are all campaign to educate people and develop the positive behavior in that social culture.Destroying Cultural norms Although these companies are bringing positive change in the society but also destroying the social culture and providing the negative attitude to the young generation of the country by providing late night services that is affecting the 4. Technological Analysis- Technology is the most cognize word in the modern world so any advancement in the technology affects the industry if industry settles them accordingly then it opens lot of doors of success and achievement if they do not respond toward the advancement then that particular company goes into the darkness.Technology is changing the attitudes and behavior Telecommunication technology id changing the behavior of the people and providing them opportunities to get the bright future. Impact on cost structure Due to latest technology the cost of telecommunication industry is decreasing and hey are giving lowest rates to the peoples to remain in contact with relatives and with heir family. Introduction Of CDMA technology Introduction of CDMA (CDMA stands for Code Division Multiple Access. )Technology in the mobile Sims is also creating the Opportunities for the telecommunication industry.This technology gives less radiation then GSM technology. 3G mobile technology The latest technology of 36 mobile communications has been earmarked and PTA will soon be inviting applications for 36 spectrum auction. This technology will increase operating capacity and revenues by using HSPA technology. Focus on increasing the Coverage The current focus of the telecommunication industry is on increasing the coverage rather then up gradation of the systems they should up grade the systems to meet the requirement of the modern world.Conclusion The number of macro-environmental factors is near unlimited. In practice, the firm must monitor those factors that influence its industry. Even so, it may be difficult to forecast future trends with an acceptable level of accuracy. In this regard, the firm may turn to scenario planning techniques to deal with high levels of uncertainty in important macro-environmental variables

Immune System and Blood Platelets A.

Which of the following are concerned with the prevention of bacterial Infections In different split of the human body? Alimentary quite a littleal Respiratory tract Blood A. Digestive enzymes hair unclouded snag cells B. Mucus cilia red channel cells acid beginning platelets D. Bile salts Directions Questions 48 and 49 point to the graph below which shows the changes In the parsimony of antibodies In the blood of a person with time 48. The add-on in the antibody concentration on day 7 might be caused by A. Excessive eject B. The entry of bacteria C. Recovery from a disease D. The intake of a large amount of antibiotics 49. The antibody concentration increased rapidly on day 21 because the person A. Developed a fever. B. Received a vaccination. C. Was Infected by the same type of antigen. D. Produced a large number of phagocytes. 32. Which of the following components of the blood do-nothing destroy bacteria that have entered the body? (1) antibodies (2) phagocytes (3) blood platelets A. (1) and (2) besides B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) onlyD. (2) and (3) 46. Which of the following are examples of bathetic immunity? (1) Injection of vaccine into the body (2) Injection of antibodies into the body (3) Injection of antibiotics into the body A. (1) only B. (1) and (2) only 34. In the alimentary outhouseal, bacteria in food are mainly killed by A. Saliva. B. Mucus. C. Gastric juice D. Pancreatic Juice Directions Questions 49 and 50 refer to the graphs below, which show the changes in the antibody level in the blood as a result of two methods of inducing immunity in humans 49.Substance P can be (1) bacteria. (2) antigens. (3) antibodies. B. (3) only C. (1) and (2) only D. (2) and (3) only 50. What is the advantage of method 2 over method 1 in inducing immunity? A. The B. The immunity can develop faster. C. It can stimulate the white blood cells to produce more antibodies. D. The body can become immune against a wider range of diseases. 01 18. Which o f the following statements somewhat antibodies is correct? A. They act on specific antigens. B. They are produced by phagocytes. C. They develop a memory for antigensD. They can replicate rapidly during infection. 60. Which of the following structures produce secretions that can protect the body from infection? (1) skin (2) assume (3) trachea 02 42. A person was infected by the same kind of pathogen twice within a month. Assuming the quantity of pathogen for both infections was the same, which of the following graphs correctly shows the change in the pathogen level in the persons blood?

Case Study: Anxiety

Instructions Read the following case consider ab out(p) a charwoman, Allison, who is suffering from concern. After you have read the case study, diagnose Allison and present nearly methods of treatment by answering the questions. Presenting Complaint Allison, a 33-year-old white woman, knew that it was fin in ally time for her to seek psychological services. She had always been an anxious person and, for years, had managed to keep it under control. But, this time she felt as though she was competitiveness a losing battle and worried that it was going to result in her being fired from her job.Allison worked as a flight attendant for a major airline and loved interacting with the passengers. She was particularly proud of her extensive fellowship of aircraft safety regulations and had confidence in her ability to properly manage a crisis situation should it arise. However, over the past times year she had missed a significant amount of work because of her extreme trouble about f ast(a) and staying in hotels in different cities. She had wanted to believe that her worry about her c areer was estimableified, moreover she knew recently down that she worried about ein truththing, non just work.She worried about other things that most citizenry would see as trivial whether she would be caught in the rain without an umbrella, if she was going to remember to pay her bills on time, or if the bus she was riding would break down and leave her stranded. Allison recalled that she noniced a change in her thinking after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. She repeatedly thought, That could have been me in that plane. What would I have done? This is just one more sign that the world has become a very dangerous place. Allison finds that she cant relax on her days off because she spends the entire time worrying about taking her conterminous flight. I worry all the timeabout everything. She worries that she entrust miss the bus to the airport and be late for work. She worried that she ordain have a panic attack attack on the airplane and the pilots will have to make an emergency landing. She also worries about the hotel that she is scheduled to stay in and whether or non they will still have her reservation when she arrives. Furthermore, Allison worries about the danger of being out at shadow in a strange town.She explains, Its just non safe for a single woman to be out at night. Some cities have a high rate of crime and are extremely dangerous. Allison finds that she worries about all of these things simultaneously, which leaves her exhausted and overwhelmed. However, when she tries to sleep, she cannot shut her mind off. She lays awake for hours thinking about all of the things that could happen. Therefore, Allison is often sleep deprived which leaves her stressed, tense, and irritable. Allison has experienced a few panic attacks in her life, but has not had a panic attack in more than two years.But she still carries Xanax with her over she goes, just in case she needs it. Ever since she was 7 years old, she has worried about haphazard issues. Allison remembers walking through her signaling at 7 years old, checking on all of the appliances to make for certain that they were all unplugged before everyone fell asleep in worship that a fire would break out and burn the house down. Allison was also worried as a 3rd grader about her render destruction any day from cancer, since her mother was a smoker. When Allison was 16, she had great difficulty with learning how to drive in fear that she would be involved in a car accident.Indeed, Allison was involved in 2 car accidents, none of which were her fault. Regardless, Allison quit driving and has taken public transportation ever since. Allison has had difficulty with seeking treatment because she is horrified to give up her worrying. She believes that some of her anxiety has been helpful because it has kept her safe. And by worrying, Allison believes that is able to help check the negative event from occurring. For example, because of Allisons worrying, her mother quit smoking and is cancer-free today.In fact, Allison is considering removing herself from treatment because she is afraid that the psychologist will tell her that she has a serious problem that is beyond help. If she cannot get help, then what will she do? cordial and Family History Allison is the youngest of 6 children, 4 of which are boys. She was raised by both parents and considers herself the black sheep of the family. Allison felt very different from her brothers because of gender and the way that they treated her with a paternalistic manner. Allison felt inadequate around her sister, who seemed to be successful in everything she did.Allison feels like her sister looks down on Allison because of the anxiety. Allisons father never unsounded her, either. He was very distant and did not seem to want much to do with the children. He worked retentive hours and spent much time taking Allisons mother on long errands since Allisons mother was afraid to go out alone. Allison tried really hard to do well in schooldays to get her fathers attention, but it never seemed to be quite enough. Allison often had to rely on her older siblings to take care of her since their mother was always sick. Her mother rarely left the house and would spend hours locked in her room.Allison thought that her mother suffered from agora phobic roughnessliness and remembers conversations with her mother about how dangerous the world is. Because of her mothers beliefs about the dangerousness of the world, Allison was not allowed to play outside with friends unless a parent was supervising at all times. Therefore, Allison did not make many friends. Instead, she played in the neighbors garden since her mother could see Allison from the window. unity day, Allisons neighbor, Jack, was helping Allison in the garden and offered her some cookies and milk.Allison had to go inwar dly with Jack to get the cookies and milk, but she thought that it would not be a problem since mom was right next door. Once inside Jacks home, he sexually abused Allison. She never told anyone since she believed it was her fault for going inside and not staying in her mothers line of sight. Allison has been unable to stay in a long-term relationship. bonnie after Allison moved away from her home town for the first time in her life, her boyfriend stony-broke up with her. He was supposed to move in with Allison, but a week after Allison bought a home and moved her belongings in, he ended the relationship.That was the last time Allison had a severe panic attack. She was hospitalized and has been terrified of living alone ever since. Diagnosis strike to the DSM-IV-TR checklist for generalized anxiety disorder. Which of Allisons symptoms replete the diagnostic criteria? Be sure to match specific symptoms with specific criteria. * Based on your review of Allisons symptoms and the di agnostic criteria, could Allison be diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder or would she be better diagnosed with a phobia or obsessive compulsive disorder*? Does Allison appear to have a comorbid* panic disorder? Refer to the diagnostic criteria for panic disorder with agoraphobia and determine if she warrants this diagnosis, too. *How would the sociocultural* position explain Allisons generalized anxiety disorder? How would the current** psychodynamic perspective explain Allisons generalized anxiety disorder? How would the cognitive perspective explain Allisons generalized anxiety disorder?What are the second-generation cognitive chronicles for generalized anxiety disorder and how do the activities associated with each theory serve to maintain the worry? Describe a biological explanation for why Allison developed generalized anxiety disorder. Treatment Which theoretical perspectives offer treatments for generalized anxiety disorder that have been more than modestly **supporte d by the research literature? Discuss the cognitive therapy proficiency of focusing on worry**. What are some of the nondrug biological treatments used to treat generalized anxiety disorder ?