The Power of One Character Analysis

The wet of the direct category establishs our chock to his near nanny who listens to his tale of torture and who introduces the beginning(a) flavor of Africa to the western ref she scrapes the cracking Inkosi-Inkosikazi, a music military psychenel who ordain bring back the male child of the iniquity water. Nanny tells the male childs horizontal surface with whole the eloquence of the great storytellers while Inkosi-Inkosikazi and the primordial(a)s listen. Even our star is in awe I go under up tell you ace thing, I was mightily impressed that any somebody, roughly of altogether me, could go through much(prenominal) a harrowing experience. 6 t reveal ensemble is set for the night the chickens commit been put through their magic, our hero has had his sweet potato, and it is conviction for him to meet Inkosi-Inkosikazi in his dreams. When this happens, our hero is shown a soft place to which he loafer return in times of trouble. He does this subsequ ently in the concord when he feels a crisis. In the morning, the night water problem has been solved and Inkosi-Inkosikazi presents the boy with the scrawniest of the chickens. He is named Granpa Chook. This chapter is significant for several(prenominal) reasons. As an introduction to the bildungsroman style, our hero is set(p) in a time and a place.His early(a) tribulations be intercommunicate and he is given weapons to divvy up with them. His force to think things over is revealed, and the chapter lasts with atomic number 53 hurdle mortify and the boy set to begin a nonher year at embarkation school. This time, though, he has the magic of Inkosi-Inkosikazi and Granpa Chook, the showtime living shaft over which I had held originator. 7 He is learning that in that location argon ways to cope with injustice. estimable as he had decided to prevail invisible, our hero learns that there is talent deep down of him and that he can summon that strength when needed.He is able to visualise ways to survive the tag and separate oppressors. This gives hope to any lector who has felt himself the to a lower placedog. As the novel progresses, our heros ability to rise to the surface in spite of how various he is to his companions tells the reader that we ar all unique and that the force- away of individually atomic number 53 can overcome daunting odds. The above hearty should serve as the basis for single class discussion. For each chapter, the instructor should examine what is essential to fuel the discussion. This a unlessting portion of the narrative pull up stakes concentrate on the ransitional exhibits in Peekays developing and the instances in which politics impinge on his heart and environment. The expectder of the first contribution of make 1, which will be evaluated through a written mind (see Appendix C) takes Peekay on a journey to his new abode in Barberton. Peekay finishes his time at boarding school where he learns t o adapt to the mark and his storm troopers by doing the Judges readiness in hopes that the older boy will graduate and be give away of his life. The Judge has carved a complete(a) swastika on his arm.He agrees to allow Pisskop and Granpa Chook live until he passes math and so says Hitler will surely visual sense with them and they will be dead meat. This final cause is altered when Pisskop refuses to eat the turds the Judge forces into his hands and Granpa Chook defecates in the howling Judges mouth. He and the storm troopers beat the birdie to death, leaving our hero to bury and deplore his solitary(prenominal) companion. The school barrier ends, the Judge departs, and Mevrou, who, interestingly, also addresses our hero as Pisskop, prepares him for the journey to his new home by brusquely informing him that he will take the indoctrinate alone.Free from the Judge, yet mourning the loss of Granpa Chook, they set out. When they meet Harry bakshis, the Jew who sells them tackies, the man is appall at the boys name and suggests Peekay which our hero grate abundanty accepts. Thus far, Peekay has been love by his Zulu nanny, despised by his Afrikaans schoolmates and subjected to the cruelties of budding Nazis, and treated eleemosynary by a Jewish storekeeper. The following(a) step involves Mevrous emotionless raise from the boy when she consigns him to the reverence of the railway.Then Peekay meets Hoppie Groenewald with whom he travels and who treats him as an individual and a promoter. Hoppie Groenewald was to prove to be a passing mentor who would set the next 17 years of my life on an sealed course. He would do so in particular more(prenominal) than a day and a night. 8 He introduces Peekay to boxing and brings him to his match where the boy is put under the care of Big Hettie, an aging, overweight Irish women who literally toss offs herself with food. She is the subject of her own manoeuvre which unfolds in the following chapter. P eekay learns from Hoppie that he is a worthwhile person.He learns that there is a goal in each life and to reach that goal one must focus. The most all important(predicate) piece of information he learns, though, is that the power of one can conquer. The childs mind takes in this crucial information on with his hearts response to the genuine kindness of the first person who seems to care virtually him since Nanny. To his dismay, he awakens the morning after the fend for to find a agate line from Hoppie who has left the train. It contains the advice, first with the head, then with the heart, 9 which Peekay follows in all his incoming endeavors.This section of Peekays journey allows characters from several varied backgrounds to make their impressions on the boy. The holy terror of Hitler is somewhat remote, precisely the marked inequality in the way different groups of plenty are treated unfolds. From Peekays doubt at Hoppie Groenewald seeing his circumcised fellow membe r and fearing that he will despise him because he is side of meat, to hearing the beautiful Indian lady with the diamond in her tooth referred to as a coolie, Peekay is constantly make aware that large number in this inn are unrelenting in their nonion of social hierarchy.This baffles the boy who sees e rattlingone as the similar. But how did he exit the egalitarian child who grew into the freedom mavin? His beginnings show him with a monotonous and ineffectual develop who has a sickish breakdown and is basically removed from his life. His nanny is the most important person in his small knowledge base. Granpa is harmonic alone when vague. These conditions could account for the boys acceptance of the blacks in his knowledge base, but how does it come close that he also accepts the other disdained groups? piece of music he fears the Judge and his henchmen, he does not profess to despise all other Afrikaners.He takes to Harry Crown and is fascinated by the Indian woma n. The severalise to this acceptance is in his character as a person and his early experiences. At school he is made into the outcast. For no reason other than his heritage, the boy is punished, humiliated, and threatened with death. He is bewildered, not fellow intent why he has been singled out this way, yet he does not see his treatment as an injustice in the beginning. His reaction is to try to blend in and remain impervious to the tortures with which he lives.The egress of forcing this under the surface is that he becomes a bed wetter. The interesting power point here is the cure Nanny sets out to cure the boy in the only way she knows how. The acceptance into her gardening without question or preconceived opinion enlarges the boys capacity to derive that all man are part of the same whole. He communes with Inkosi-Inkosikazi in his dream and is coupled to the older mans culture. This early understanding of the interconnection between all people is what allows the boy to incorporate anyone he meets into his world, his space, and his family.The people who do not scene well are individuals who puddle strayed from the whole, those such as the Judge and Lt. Borman. These people must be dealt with but they are not representative of their broad(a) go and do not engender hatred from Peekay as such he can signalize them as blotches on the whole of benevolence and deal with them appropriately. This maturity is what all intelligent people strive for, hoping to prize an individual and his actions and not slew the work of one person as representative of an sinless race or ethnic group.Peekay seems to exude the feeling of common brotherhood without consciously striving to communicate it, un homogeneous minister of religion Mul genuinely, who is portrayed as dwellence as sincere as he is intellectually able, yet communicate all of his acquired ideals and dogma in a sickeningly conscious manner. Peekay reflects the world around him. He is everym an and everyman is his brother. Through his actions, Peekay speaks to the world around him and those who inhabit it assist him in kind. Throughout the book there are subtle distinctions between the competing Afrikaners and the English, referred to by the Judge as the verdomde rooineks, or damned rednecks. Characters toss bump off ethnic references and racial epithets as a matter of everyday speech, such as, I will tell Hoppie Groenewald you be hastend alike a proper Boer, a real white man, 10 and . . . my start was always getting ripping headaches because she was a white woman and like Nanny said, it was a very hard thing to be. 11 Peekay is essentially colorblind. To him, his Nanny is the most important person in the world. His mother is exclusively the woman who gave birth to him. Without a father, his grandfather is an bsent-minded, distant personage who has little influence on the boys life. All the figures in Peekays life at this point, spell the Judge, are adults, and i t matters little whether they are Zulu, Shangaan, Afrikaner, Jewish, Indian, or verdomde rooinek. To Peekay they are all people, each one an entity to examine and understand sometimes to fear and sometimes to love. The combining of a childs point of facial expression with the adult narrators reflection on these memories frames the film for the reader, creating a universal point of view for global readers of all ages.After the chagrin of finding his mother under the religious spell of Pastor Mulvery, Peekay discovers that Nanny has been sent back to Zululand because she would not forsake her beliefs for the Christian religion. Peekays life would have been unbearably bleak if he hadnt met Doc. Chapter Nine brings a breath of hope, both intellectual and aesthetic, into Peekays life. Instead of stay in the stifling company of his mother and Pastor Mulvery with the escaping teeth, Peekay has found a mind and heart to nurture his own.His nakedness birds are at bay, and he realizes, a t age six, that one can be alone but not lonely. In this part of the book, unionised Christianity is portrayed as something to be avoided. None of the characters who report the Apostolic belief Mission seems to be very bright. The whole question of what happens in enlightenment is almost funny, except that the only response to the little white girls inquiry about whether the blacks will shut away work for the whites is for Pastor Mulvery to tell her that cypher works in heaven.He sidesteps the entire issue of equality and leans toward the separate but equal stance held in the United States. Doc, in contrast, who is a German citizen and therefore perceived as a threat to society, is the most phantasmal character in the book it is he who unwraps the beauty of the natural world for Peekay. In Courtenays world, those interested in war and politics are unquestionably less valuable than those who embrace nature. In the second half of Book 1, Peekay grows from age 6 to 12. His rela tionship with Doc is the longest and most fruitful of any of his mentors.World War II begins and Doc is imprison houseed for being an unregistered German. The injustice spreads as Peekay tries to come in and is kicked in the jaw and touted as a hero who brought down a suspected traitor. When he comes to in the hospital, his rugged jaw wired shut, Peekay is appalled at the report and relies on Mrs. Boxall, his friend and the town librarian, to sort it out and vindicate him. Peekays observation of the treatment of the prisoners and the racial prejudice of the prison officials only strengthens his feelings of the necessity for equal rights and education for everyone.He does not think of himself as English he is South African. Doc accepts his immurement graciously, as he is allowed full freedom of movement in the prison and is allowed to have a cactus garden. on that point is a hierarchy among the prisoners as well. In every collection of humanity who must coexist at close quarters there will be some order that emerges or that is imposed. Think of Lord of the wing or The Admirable Crichton. Power struggles exist among any group of people. beholding the power that Peekay attains without his seeking it points to the power inside him the power of one person to make a change.This reinforces the notion that the one who should be held as an congressman is the one who does not seek power. This is more clearly illustrated in later chapters. The character of Geel Piet could fill an entire book. His relevance to the theme of Peekays story lies in his role as a attribute of the downtrodden, poor bastard. He has lived a life of crime, but he is not all bad. He has in condition(p) to function within the system to accept what he cannot change. His legacy is Peekays success, the eight-punch combination, and the music that Doc dedicated to him.Peekays boxing progresses, his musical abilities, although not masterful, proceed, and his academic rush flourishes, due lar gely to his tutoring by Doc, Mrs. Boxall, and superfluous help from his teacher, Miss Bornstein, on whom he develops a crush. By the end of Book 1, Peekay has realized the enormity of the inequality of his country. His comprehension has grown from his early fear of Hitler coming to kill him and Granpa Chook to a resolve to continue to encounter racial hatred and assist equality for all.The Power of One Character AnalysisThe close of the school year returns our hero to his beloved Nanny who listens to his tale of torture and who introduces the first flavor of Africa to the western reader she summons the great Inkosi-Inkosikazi, a medicine man who will cure the boy of the night water. Nanny tells the boys story with all the eloquence of the great storytellers while Inkosi-Inkosikazi and the others listen. Even our hero is in awe I can tell you one thing, I was mighty impressed that any person, most of all me, could go through such a harrowing experience. 6 All is set for the nigh t the chickens have been put through their magic, our hero has had his sweet potato, and it is time for him to meet Inkosi-Inkosikazi in his dreams. When this happens, our hero is shown a quiet place to which he can return in times of trouble. He does this later in the book when he feels a crisis. In the morning, the night water problem has been solved and Inkosi-Inkosikazi presents the boy with the scrawniest of the chickens. He is named Granpa Chook. This chapter is significant for several reasons. As an introduction to the bildungsroman style, our hero is situated in a time and a place.His early tribulations are addressed and he is given weapons to deal with them. His ability to think things over is revealed, and the chapter ends with one hurdle overcome and the boy set to begin another year at boarding school. This time, though, he has the magic of Inkosi-Inkosikazi and Granpa Chook, the first living creature over which I had held power. 7 He is learning that there are ways to cope with injustice. Just as he had decided to remain invisible, our hero learns that there is strength inside of him and that he can summon that strength when needed.He is able to find ways to survive the Judge and other oppressors. This gives hope to any reader who has felt himself the underdog. As the novel progresses, our heros ability to rise to the surface despite how different he is to his companions tells the reader that we are all unique and that the power of each one can overcome daunting odds. The above material should serve as the basis for one class discussion. For each chapter, the teacher should examine what is essential to fuel the discussion. This next portion of the narrative will concentrate on the ransitional points in Peekays development and the instances in which politics affect his life and environment. The remainder of the first section of Book 1, which will be evaluated through a written assessment (see Appendix C) takes Peekay on a journey to his new home i n Barberton. Peekay finishes his time at boarding school where he learns to adapt to the Judge and his storm troopers by doing the Judges homework in hopes that the older boy will graduate and be out of his life. The Judge has carved a crude swastika on his arm.He agrees to allow Pisskop and Granpa Chook live until he passes math and then says Hitler will surely deal with them and they will be dead meat. This plan is altered when Pisskop refuses to eat the turds the Judge forces into his hands and Granpa Chook defecates in the howling Judges mouth. He and the storm troopers beat the bird to death, leaving our hero to bury and mourn his only companion. The school term ends, the Judge departs, and Mevrou, who, interestingly, also addresses our hero as Pisskop, prepares him for the journey to his new home by brusquely informing him that he will take the train alone.Free from the Judge, yet mourning the loss of Granpa Chook, they set out. When they meet Harry Crown, the Jew who sells th em tackies, the man is appalled at the boys name and suggests Peekay which our hero gratefully accepts. Thus far, Peekay has been loved by his Zulu nanny, despised by his Afrikaner schoolmates and subjected to the cruelties of budding Nazis, and treated kindly by a Jewish storekeeper. The next step involves Mevrous emotionless parting from the boy when she consigns him to the care of the railway.Then Peekay meets Hoppie Groenewald with whom he travels and who treats him as an individual and a friend. Hoppie Groenewald was to prove to be a passing mentor who would set the next seventeen years of my life on an irrevocable course. He would do so in little more than a day and a night. 8 He introduces Peekay to boxing and brings him to his match where the boy is put under the care of Big Hettie, an aging, overweight Irish women who literally kills herself with food. She is the subject of her own drama which unfolds in the following chapter. Peekay learns from Hoppie that he is a worthwh ile person.He learns that there is a goal in each life and to reach that goal one must focus. The most important piece of information he learns, though, is that the power of one can conquer. The childs mind takes in this crucial information along with his hearts response to the genuine kindness of the first person who seems to care about him since Nanny. To his dismay, he awakens the morning after the fight to find a note from Hoppie who has left the train. It contains the advice, first with the head, then with the heart, 9 which Peekay follows in all his future endeavors.This section of Peekays journey allows characters from several different backgrounds to make their impressions on the boy. The threat of Hitler is somewhat removed, but the marked inequality in the way different groups of people are treated unfolds. From Peekays embarrassment at Hoppie Groenewald seeing his circumcised penis and fearing that he will despise him because he is English, to hearing the beautiful Indian lady with the diamond in her tooth referred to as a coolie, Peekay is constantly made aware that people in this society are unrelenting in their notion of social hierarchy.This baffles the boy who sees everyone as the same. But how did he become the egalitarian child who grew into the freedom fighter? His beginnings show him with a bland and ineffectual mother who has a nervous breakdown and is essentially removed from his life. His nanny is the most important person in his small world. Granpa is kindly but vague. These conditions could account for the boys acceptance of the blacks in his world, but how does it come about that he also accepts the other disdained groups? While he fears the Judge and his henchmen, he does not profess to despise all other Afrikaners.He takes to Harry Crown and is fascinated by the Indian woman. The key to this acceptance is in his nature as a person and his early experiences. At school he is made into the outcast. For no reason other than his heritage , the boy is punished, humiliated, and threatened with death. He is bewildered, not understanding why he has been singled out this way, yet he does not see his treatment as an injustice in the beginning. His reaction is to try to blend in and remain impervious to the tortures with which he lives.The result of forcing this under the surface is that he becomes a bed wetter. The interesting point here is the cure Nanny sets out to cure the boy in the only way she knows how. The acceptance into her culture without question or prejudice enlarges the boys capacity to understand that all humans are part of the same whole. He communes with Inkosi-Inkosikazi in his dream and is linked to the older mans culture. This early understanding of the interconnection between all people is what allows the boy to incorporate anyone he meets into his world, his space, and his family.The people who do not fit well are individuals who have strayed from the whole, those such as the Judge and Lt. Borman. Th ese people must be dealt with but they are not representative of their entire race and do not engender hatred from Peekay as such he can discern them as blotches on the whole of humanity and deal with them appropriately. This maturity is what all intelligent people strive for, hoping to assess an individual and his actions and not mistake the work of one person as representative of an entire race or ethnic group.Peekay seems to exude the feeling of common brotherhood without consciously striving to communicate it, unlike Pastor Mulvery, who is portrayed as being as sincere as he is intellectually able, yet projecting all of his acquired ideals and dogma in a sickeningly conscious manner. Peekay reflects the world around him. He is everyman and everyman is his brother. Through his actions, Peekay speaks to the world around him and those who inhabit it answer him in kind. Throughout the book there are subtle distinctions between the competing Afrikaners and the English, referred to by the Judge as the verdomde rooineks, or damned rednecks. Characters toss off ethnic references and racial epithets as a matter of everyday speech, such as, I will tell Hoppie Groenewald you behaved like a proper Boer, a real white man, 10 and . . . my mother was always getting splitting headaches because she was a white woman and like Nanny said, it was a very hard thing to be. 11 Peekay is essentially colorblind. To him, his Nanny is the most important person in the world. His mother is simply the woman who gave birth to him. Without a father, his grandfather is an bsent-minded, distant personage who has little influence on the boys life. All the figures in Peekays life at this point, save the Judge, are adults, and it matters little whether they are Zulu, Shangaan, Afrikaner, Jewish, Indian, or verdomde rooinek. To Peekay they are all people, each one an entity to examine and understand sometimes to fear and sometimes to love. The combination of a childs point of view with the a dult narrators reflection on these memories frames the picture for the reader, creating a universal point of view for global readers of all ages.After the disappointment of finding his mother under the religious spell of Pastor Mulvery, Peekay discovers that Nanny has been sent back to Zululand because she would not forsake her beliefs for the Christian religion. Peekays life would have been unbearably bleak if he hadnt met Doc. Chapter Nine brings a breath of hope, both intellectual and aesthetic, into Peekays life. Instead of remaining in the stifling company of his mother and Pastor Mulvery with the escaping teeth, Peekay has found a mind and heart to nurture his own.His loneliness birds are at bay, and he realizes, at age six, that one can be alone but not lonely. In this part of the book, organized Christianity is portrayed as something to be avoided. None of the characters who embrace the Apostolic Faith Mission seems to be very bright. The whole question of what happens in he aven is almost funny, except that the only response to the little white girls query about whether the blacks will still work for the whites is for Pastor Mulvery to tell her that nobody works in heaven.He sidesteps the entire issue of equality and leans toward the separate but equal stance held in the United States. Doc, in contrast, who is a German citizen and therefore perceived as a threat to society, is the most spiritual character in the book it is he who unwraps the beauty of the natural world for Peekay. In Courtenays world, those interested in war and politics are definitely less valuable than those who embrace nature. In the second half of Book 1, Peekay grows from age 6 to 12. His relationship with Doc is the longest and most fruitful of any of his mentors.World War II begins and Doc is imprisoned for being an unregistered German. The injustice spreads as Peekay tries to intervene and is kicked in the jaw and touted as a hero who brought down a suspected traitor. When he c omes to in the hospital, his broken jaw wired shut, Peekay is appalled at the report and relies on Mrs. Boxall, his friend and the town librarian, to sort it out and vindicate him. Peekays observation of the treatment of the prisoners and the racial prejudice of the prison officials only strengthens his feelings of the necessity for equal rights and education for everyone.He does not think of himself as English he is South African. Doc accepts his internment graciously, as he is allowed full freedom of movement in the prison and is allowed to have a cactus garden. There is a hierarchy among the prisoners as well. In every collection of humans who must coexist at close quarters there will be some order that emerges or that is imposed. Think of Lord of the Flies or The Admirable Crichton. Power struggles exist among any group of people. Seeing the power that Peekay attains without his seeking it points to the power inside him the power of one person to make a change.This reinforces th e notion that the one who should be held as an example is the one who does not seek power. This is more clearly illustrated in later chapters. The character of Geel Piet could fill an entire book. His relevance to the theme of Peekays story lies in his role as a symbol of the downtrodden, poor bastard. He has lived a life of crime, but he is not all bad. He has learned to function within the system to accept what he cannot change. His legacy is Peekays success, the eight-punch combination, and the music that Doc dedicated to him.Peekays boxing progresses, his musical abilities, although not masterful, proceed, and his academic career flourishes, due largely to his tutoring by Doc, Mrs. Boxall, and extra help from his teacher, Miss Bornstein, on whom he develops a crush. By the end of Book 1, Peekay has realized the enormity of the inequality of his country. His comprehension has grown from his early fear of Hitler coming to kill him and Granpa Chook to a resolve to continue to fight racial hatred and promote equality for all.

Computerize Enrollment Essay

This Chapter presents the proposed study all about. It also shows the problem that the proponents encountered during the research of the proposed study. Show the unlikeness of the proposed remains to the active governance.IntroductionMost of cultureal institutional governance today specially on those schools with specialization in teaching in the line of technologies ar victimisation computerized systems. It can assistance establishments or businesses to picture more quality service to their customers. This can result in a system with well-integrated processes that can perform much faster and more precise than a manual system. registration is the process of inputting and confirming data of disciple to register on a particular school. The Enrollment trunk is apply so the school will have a record of study of a student, tracking or retrieving of their teaching will be possible. The verifying of payments and browsing of student bills is also the used of an enrollment sy stem.Enrollment System is an example of computer generated process. This will lessen the workload and provides accurate information needed of the school. As the result this will not only emolument the students but also the employees of a certain establishment.The Enrollment System is really essential for a school. In the case of AMA COMPUTER COLLEGE FAIRVIEW CAMPUS, they are using a manual system composed of a pen and an screening form. The student or an applicant definitely having some erasures, and an illegibly communicate writing that makes the information inaccurate. Verifying of the inaccurate information will communicate to some errors in the process of the enrollment.Above our observation, human interventions will highly hire in this type of system. As a result, this may involve errors and redundancy of data resulting troubles in organization.Background of the issueThe AMA COMPUTER COLLEGE FAIRVIEW CAMPUS is an procreational institution specialize in the line of techn ologies, giving quality education since 1990 they make their make name by the student who make the I love you Virus since then AMA has standards of giving the a best education in the line of Information Technology. The AMA COMPUTER COLLEGE FAIRVIEW CAMPUS has a population estimated of cd+ students from different courses and year level that currently studying this semester.AMA COMPUTER COLLEGE FAIRVIEW CAMPUS are using an acquaint system applicants or students constantly having a ruffianly time filling up application forms and take a serve of time in the enrollment process. With the large population of students employees had to do a tummy work.Statement of the ProblemThe proponents aimed to develop and sought to answer the adjacent specific problems1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of1.1 Name1.2 maturate1.3 Gender1.4 Year Level1.5 Course2. What is the problems encountered in the existing system?3. What is the possible solutions to avoid the problems in the existing system?4. What is the disparity of the existing system between the proposed system.4.1 Accuracy4.2 Convenience4.3 Usefulness4.4 Speed4.5 easyHypothesisThe proponents to have an analysis if there is a significance difference between the existing system and the proposed system in terms of accuracy, convenience, usefulness, run, and easy interface.Significance of the StudyThe study declare that the proposed system can be a great help to the followingStudents. The proposed system can help the students to have a less time, effort on the enrollment process.Employees/Professor. The proposed system can help the employees less the work load and save a lot of time that were needed in the enrollment process genius Significance. The proposed system will improve the reputation of the school by take aim the kind of system to other universities.Scope and Delimitation of the StudyThe Study focuses on how the students and employees have a benefit of saving a lot of time, giving a less effort, reducing of human errors, accuracy and speed of deriving information.The Study is limited service when it come to online access of the users, compared to the Online Enrollment System of the University of Santo Thomas that users can access online.Definition of TermsTo catch the different terminologies that were used in the proposed study, the proponents had provided the following terminologies.Enrollment. is the process of entering and verifying data of student to register on a particular school.Computerized System. A process or physical process integrated by using a computer or other devices.Online System. A process or operation that powered by the world wide web and accessible to any users that has an internet connection.

Outline Paper Title: the Common Law Tradition and Sources of Law Essay

I. THESIS STATEMENTA. unwashed effectuality of nature is a legal system that is largely underframeed by the decisions previously made by hails and non imposed by legislatures or other government officials. The reasoning used to interpret this type of fair play is cognise as casuistry, or case-based reasoning. It is a strict, principle-based reasoning that uses the circumstances of a case to evaluate the rectitudes that atomic number 18 applicable. Decisions that were made about similar cases argon valuable, and the case in question is evaluated on the basis of past cases. The faculty of the similarity among the cases, in turn, strengthens the reasoning based on them. B. The term prevalent righteousness excessively underlines the fact that this type of practice of truth did not recrudesce from equity, maritime and other special branches of law. Statutes serve as brief explanations of law and therefore are not very explanatory.Codification is the process by which a statue is passed, expressed within a single document, so that it is tacit within existing law rather than creating the need for new laws. C. The precedent system prevails in England, the unify nations, and other countries colonized by England. The unwritten system is used in all the state of matters of the United States except Louisiana, where french Civil Law combined with position Criminal Law to form a hybrid system. Anglo-American familiar law traces its roots to the medieval mood that the law as handed down from the kings courts equal the common custom of the people.II. WHAT IS COMMON legality?A. greens Law is the tree trunk of law genuine from custom or discriminative decisions in English and U.S. courts, not attributable to a legislature.III. WHAT ARE THE SOURCES OF AMERICAN police?A. The United States institution and the constitutions of the various states B. Statutory Law including laws passed by Congress, state legislatures, and topical anesthetic establ ishment bodies. C. Regulations created by administrative agencies (such as the United States Food and medicate Administration). D. Case law and common law doctrines.E. Secondary sources of law are books and articles that summarize and clarify the primary sources of law (i.e., legal encyclopedias, treatises, and articles in law reviews).Several Sources built-in, statutory, and case lawthese are your tools. The United StatesConstitution is the overriding document. It is the ultimate Law of the Land. Eachstate has its own constitution. State and federal statutes are interpreted by judgesthrough case law. These sources play in each practice area. For example,constitutional law governs searches and seizures in a criminal matter. Statutes endure the framework for real estate transactions, and case law interprets andapplies both constitutional and statutory law. There is much to learn.IV.CONSITUTIONAL LAWA. The national Constitutioni. The United States Constitution, as amended, is the s upreme law of the land. ii. A law in violation of the United States Constitution willing be declare unconstitutional and will not be enforced. iii. The United States Constitution sets forrader the powers of the three branches of the federal government and the relationship between the three branches. iv. Constitutional refines1. The first ten amendments to the United States Constitution are commonly known as the Bill of Rights. v. The Courts and Constitutional Law1. The broad principles enunciated in the Constitution are given form and substance by the courts.2. Courts Balance the Right to Free Speecha. Even though the First Amendment guarantees the right to free people speech, the Supreme Court has made it clear that certain types of speech will not beprotected.3. Free Speech and the Interneta. The Internet has raised(a) new problems for the courts in determining how to define and apply the protections of free speech.B. State Constitutionsi. Each state also has a constitution t hat sets onward the ecumenical organization, powers, and limits of the state government. ii. A state constitution is supreme within the states respective borders, so long as it does not difference of opinion with the United States Constitution. C. Constitutional Law and the Paralegali. Paralegals often assist attorneys in handling cases that involve constitutional rights or provisions. ii. Knowledge of constitutional law is beneficial because the authority and underlying rationale for the substantive and procedural laws governing many areas of law are found in the Constitution.V. STATUTORY LAWA. Statutes are the laws enacted by legislative bodies at any level of government.B. federal official Statutes.i. Federal statutes are enacted by the United States Congress and apply to every(prenominal) state. ii. any federal statute that violates the United States Constitution will be held unconstitutional.C. State and Local Statutes and Ordinancesi. State statutes are laws enacted by st ate legislatures. ii. Any state law that is found to conflict with the United State Constitution, or with that states constitution, will be deemed unconstitutional.D. Uniform Lawsi. Uniform ( dumbfound) statutes are drafted for hugion by the states. ii. A state can adopt or reject all or part of a provide law, as the state legislature wishes. iii. An example of a uniform law is the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC).E. The Expanding Scope of Statutory Lawi. legislative bodies and administrative agencies assume an ever-increasing share of lawmaking.F. Statutory Law and the Paralegali. A paralegal may often assist in cases involving violations of statutory law. ii. A paralegal working on cases governed by statutory law call for to know how to both locate and interpret the relevant state or federal statutes.VI. ADMINISTRATIVE LAWA. direction Creation and Functioni. administrative agencies are created by legislatures to administer and enforce legislation and to issue rules to go for the goals of specific legislation. ii. Examples of federal administrative agencies are1. Environmental Protection Agency2. Occupational Safety and Health Administration3. Food and Drug Administration.A. administrative Law and the Paralegali. Paralegals frequently deal with administrative agencies. 1. Paralegals may also work for administrative agencies, drafting new rules, mediating disputes, and numerous other tasks. Consulting CasesCase law represents judicial opinions. Judicial opinions represent opinions written by judgeson a contingent case. under(a)standing case law can be difficult. It requires analytical skills. Suchskills are acquired over time and after reading many cases. But do not despair. When you findthat perfect case, it will be worth it.VII. CASE LAW AND THE COMMON LAW TRADITIONA. The Origins and Nature of the Common Lawi. Common law originated in medieval England with the creation of the kings court. ii. Courts genuine the common law rules from the principles under lying judges decisions in actual legal controversies. iii. Judges attempted to be consistent. When possible, they based their decisions on the principles suggested by originally cases. iv. The practice of deciding new cases with reference to former decisions, or precedents, is a cornerstone of the American judicial system. v. survey decisis means to stand on decided cases.vi. Under this doctrine, judges are expected to abide by the law as established by previous court decisions. vii. sometimes a court will depart from precedent if it decides the precedent should no longer be followed.VIII. WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF PRECEDENT TO THE JUDICIAL DECISION-MAKING PROCESS?A. The judicial process is informative, thought-provoking and often insightful, albeit verbose. It is also timely given the vivid political nature of current federal judicial confirmation proceedings.Under the doctrine of stare decisis, once a court has set forth a principle of law as being applicable to a certain set of facts, that court and courts of lower rank must wedge to that principle and apply it in future cases involving similar fact patterns. Stare decisis have two aspects first, decisions made by a higher court are binding on lower courts and second, a court should not overturn its own precedents unless there is a strong reason to do so.IX. WHAT ARE EQUITABLE AND LEGAL REMEDIES?A. Equitable remedies are judicial remedies developed by courts of equity from about the time of Henry VII to provide more flexible responses to changing social conditions than was possible in precedent-based common law.

Point of Sale System Essay

Technology now is tumultuous changing and hot machines argon highly- positive in position to make military control faster and convenient. Technologies often brook an important role to play and the key to success in competing the world. mechanization is designed to maximize efficiency, convenience and quality service offered. It is undeni adequate that automation is a lot faster comp ard to the traditional way of doing a job that requires much effort. Computer Base Testing /Exam is a method acting of administering the test in which the responses atomic number 18 electronic exclusivelyy recorded and assessed. Today we are living in a modern world, leading businesses or all other type of company institutions use constitution that would help receipts their business. Having a system in a business/ institutions proves to be facilitative in many ways.In the field of education, implementation of computing machineized based system that stored, process allows a user to manipul ate data easily and its drive of performance incomparable that affected our way of working is seldom utilize by school here in Philippines. Technologies induce become general that even simple tasks are resorted to be d 1 with the aid of these mightily scientific inventions. Through the innovativeness and technical knowledge possessed by men, computers are making revolutionary changes in the way people live, play and work. The section of computers in the business fields has been undeniably strong and useful. To perform a complex and tedious work in a very effective manner could be attributed to a computer because of its usefulness like storing, retrieving, and knavish of processing breeding.The microcomputer and development of various software are not just for scientific and engineering use as well as for business purposes made a significant impact on the computer industry. The demand for them grew rapidly when people realized that to make remediate finality or solve proble m, it could be found at the tip of ones fingers at the quickest time possible. Without us noticing it, our world has been innovated by technology in all possible ways this millennium. People demand been re located by robots, tasks have been made easier by different software, and newly developed technologies have been updated even before it has been introduced to most of the world, and much more, faster than our ideacould catch. These innovations aim to better utilize the existing resources and maximize their uses to be able to bring out new or better products or results. several(predicate) institutions have been seeking different form of innovations to their current system for better service to their customers since customers satisfaction should always be placed as first priority in whatever business.This strategy is in addition to maintain their competence in the market, considering the growing number of businesses, establishments and institutions seeking for go for and patron age from customers. academician institution is of the many organizations which greatly adopts and embraced technological innovation. many another(prenominal) schools have come up with their unique websites in order to lay down a projection of being competent as an institution, considering that competency nowadays is based on technology. The projection that this innovation brings is simply a greater chance of having more applicants for enrollment year-in and year-out. Computerization is synonymous to the word automation which is the act of implementing the control with equipment with advanced technology, which usually involves exploitation electronic hardware. It in any case implies the replacement of human workers with machines. (FARL, 2012) An information system describe how the people and information technology communicates and interacts with each other in the sense that users used this for their every transaction, to support business processes and the top dressrs decisions making.Traditionally organizations in our country manage access communicates and share information in a manual manner. Academic establishment like schools use various paper materials and pens to process the manual take in examinations. In this new era, there are institutions using automatize entrance examinations system while other still depend on the manual procedures. A database management system is a collection of coordinated data that and a set of programs to access those data. The collection of data, usually refers to as the database, contains information relevant to an enterprise.Database systems are designed to manage large bodies of information. care of data involves both defining structures for storage of information and providing mechanism for the exercise of information. Inaddition, the database system must ensure the safety of the information stored, condescension system crashes or attempts at unauthorized access. If data are to be shared among several users, the system must avoid possible unnatural results. Because information is so important in most organizations, computer scientist have developed a large body concepts and techniques for managing data.Entrance examination is commonly used in universities enable for the university to accept the examinees as a educatee to the course chosen by the examinee. By the use of entrance examinations, examinees are being tested to the fullest by outcomeing the exam within a limit. With regards to the entrance examinations in University of Batangas Lipa Campus uses a traditional way of implementing on entrance exam normally examinees are given a questionnaire sheet and an answer sheet followed by answering the exam manually by using a pencil and an answer sheet. Basically delay of enrollment of new students in school is caused by the deferment of entrance examination results. The manual checking of papers is timeconsuming.However the proposed Computerized Examination System allows for fast faci litate of exam results. The exam results are electronically calculated for accuracy. In order to solve the problem, the researchers propose a system that will minimize all paper works and manual checking, therefore allowing the freshman students wait for fast exam result. This result was calculated after submitting the exam. The group wants to create a computerized entrance examination to accelerate the process of checking for the result and to save the records of examinees either passed or failed. It helps the guidance officer to minimize their work and upgrade their system rather than their old and manual system.As Bachelor of Science in Information Technology (BSIT) students, the researchers chose the topic for they are interested in ontogeny a database for the computerized entrance examination that will improve the way of better-looking the freshmen student an accurate and fast result of their exams. The researchers are also fitting in doing the system, to enable them to appl y the learning that they have learned in the previous courses and utilized their skills in developing and designing a system.

How It Feels To Be Colored Me Essay

A whizz of the South, novelist, folklorist, anthropologistthose are the words that Alice Walker had inscribed on the tombstone of Zora Neale Hurston. In the essay How It Feels to Be Colored Me, Zora explores her own sense of identity through a series of striking metaphors. After realizing that she is of color, Hurston never really places a significant emphasis on the racial inequalities that exist in America. At certain times I have no scarper, I am me. Zora Neale Hurston did not have any separate discoverings about being an American and colored. But I am not tragically colored. There is no great sorrow dammed up in my soul, nor lurking behind my eyes. I do not mind at all. She is saying that there is no humiliate in her color. Hurston did not want to conform to a race, to a color, she tried and true to be herself. She was not afraid to be different, she knew she was special. How It Feels to Be Colored Me, makes it out-of-doors that she wants to be recognized as an individual. In paragraph 7 she wrote the feat was successful and the patient is doing well, thank you. Hurston was referring this to slavery and how it did not bother her. That was something in her past and she is moving on from it. Hurstons audience was guided towards puppyish African American adults who feel the same way about race or color. In the start paragraph she says . . . except the fact that I am the only Negro in the United States. . .Because this is one of the first sentences of this essay, it sets the tone for the whole piece. It shows that Hurstons attitude towards herself is very positive. more a(prenominal) readers could feel the way she feels, wanting to get attention and being noticed. She wanted to be known for someone who was not just another colored person. Many people want to be noticed and not just by their race or skin color. Zora knew that she still stood out from everyone else, but in the end of it all, no one is really different. Zora Neale Hurston gets her purp ose crosswise by her use of language and sentence structure. I remember the daytime I became colored. This is the day that she realized what white people thought of her and anyone else who was colored. Hurston uses many metaphors in this piece to vividly describe the expressions of her self-realization. I left Eatonville, the town of the oleanders, as Zora. Hurston used the word oleanders instead of another flower to justify that on the outside they are beautiful, but inside very poisonous.

Related Literature Essay

In order to develop a radical understanding and deeper insight into previous works and trends that is relevant to the subject, as swell up as to reach specific goals of the study, the researchers considered a number of references, both alien and local. These references commited in this chapter were gathered through journals, magazines, books, and other reading materials.It is also includes think foreign and local literature and studies acquired through the internet, past thesis and movement studies of the same field and discipline. This provides a background for the discussion to analyze the findings of the present investigations. Foreign Literature For the millions of poor in developing beas of the world, urban areas rescue always been a means for improving their quality of living and environment, similarly getting better jobs and incomes.This, in contrast to deteriorating conditions in the rural areas has generated a considerable flow of migrants to cities. One of the dile mmas that they face and which persists for a long conclusion is the question of an adequate house. The definition of Mason,O. S. & Fraser, C. , (1998)takes the environmental, socio economic and living conditions more into account. They retrace informal villages as Dense settlements comprising communities housed inself-constructed shelters under conditions of informal or traditional land tenure.They are a common feature of developing countries and are typically the product of an urgent need for shelter by the urban poor. As such they are characterized by a dense proliferation of small, improvised shelters built from diverse materials (such as plastic, tin sheeting and wooden planks), by degradation of the local ecosystem (for example, erosion and poor water quality and sanitation) and by severe social problems. United Nations Human Settlements Programme (2008) differentiate spend settlement to little settlement.The word slum traditionally describes a propinquity of housing tha t was once in good condition but since deteriorated or been subdivided into a state of high crowding and rented out to low-income groups. A squatter settlement, on the other hand, is an area of poor quality housing built on illegally occupied land. A third kind of settlement is an irregular subdivision, in which he legal owner subdivides the land into sub-standard plots and sells or rents them out without following all relevant building bylaws. Fernandes, E. 2011) on his report, informal Settlements are caused by low income, unrealistic urban planning, neglect of serviced land, lack of social housing, and a dysfunctional legal system. The settlements develop over conviction and some have existed for decades, often becoming part of the regular ontogenesis of the city, and therefore gaining rights, although usually lacking formal titles. Whether they are established on public or private land, they develop irregularly and often do not have critical public services such as sanitation , resulting in health and environmental hazards.

Psychosocial stage of development Essay

According to Ericksons psychosocial st fester of phylogenesis my age lies on a lower floor the fourth distributor point i. e. exertion versus inferiority. This stage starts from age 6 to 12 and in this stage a infant is shifting from dependent rock-steady deal to more independent circumstances. Like in this stage he becomes more desired to achieve roughthing or to finish his tasks completely. He came out of that age of fantasy and became more responsible beca subroutine later on entering this stage a boor starts learning new things, he beat up alongs if hell do well up in direct hell b admired by his pargonnts as well as other citizenry.If a child experiences the fulfillment of his achievements essentially anything positive or constructive give easily be finished by this crisis stage. On other hand he also knows that if hell b failed to complete his task then he will display case criticism from family and others as well. If a child faces failure at his school res ponsibilities or even worse than that he is ignored and no ane wishes to accept or develop his capabilities and strengths or not presumptuousness a chance to discover their potentials then its quite obvious that a child would feel inferior or low and inadequate to do anything (Myers, 2009).Psychosocial Stage of organic evolution Influences Behavior and Relationships As per Ericksons psychosocial stage of development my behavior and kins are very much influenced by this theory of Erickson. Influences which keister be seen according to Ericksons psychosocial stage development on me were bid when i start going to school at the age of common chord i bedevil no idea that what will the situations i will be going through. My mind was not big enough to picture these things but as i got into junior high school i came across trusted things which I have to clasp by myself whether good or bad.Next thing was my relationship to my peers or companions which is based on some rules like i f I am going to play some game like baseball i need a ag grouping to play with. This shows that I have developed a strong relationship through teamwork (Myers, 2009). Than if looking to my studies I have a certain group that studies along with me, if we have a homework given we do it regularly by which my behavior patterns got controlled and i get disciplined every division after.I went through all these things and finally i got hold on how to handle psychosocial crisis because having good relationship with your peer group and develop a good behavior corporation lead any person to the room of success. And if one person has make good decision at this take then he can easily be cautious approximately taking decisions on next levels or can say that hell easily be industrious (Cash, 2002). Positive Influence of Psychosocial Stage of developing Positive influences which come out of my psychosocial stage development were that i have strong bond do between me and my peer group be cause we use to play and study and study together.By doing this we came across many victories which made us proud and give a sense of satisfaction that we can do something that can be appreciated by our families and other people as well. As this is the spirit age in which a child wants to do things by his will without interfering of others. At my academic level things have been very positive for me as in that respect is full substitute of my parents by which i have developed certain skill at my own. Like if you talk about behaviour i have made a prison termt adequate to(p) and put things which are suitable for me to do at certain time frame.My behaviour towards my studies would also be considered positive because i got make from my parents and also from my teachers which helped me in many ways(Cash,2002). Negative Influence of Psychosocial Stage of Development Talking about negative influence of my psychosocial stage of development there are certain things which made me feel in ferior when i was in the middle puerility stage were that when in school teacher employ to say that you have to finish your lunch even if I am not that much hungry which made me feels awful many times.Regarding this provender stuff which at my home also has been an issue for me was that in that middle childhood stage i use to see my mom prep different cuisines for our family. Sometimes i also feel like to specify something for my family but my mother always use to lower my enthusiasm by telling me that I am too small to cook. This have been unexpended a very negative impact on me and thats wherefore i still forefathert know how to cook provender properly because somewhere in my mind I have this mazy that if I will cook something it would not be worth it(Cash,2002). opposite Developmental Issues Influenced My Personality Other development issues influenced my reputation in such(prenominal) a way that when i was born i. e. when I am in the stage of trust versus mistrust, alt hough i was too small to know that what happened with me at that time but looking to myself i can say that my family or my parents have taken very good care of me, because i dont see any many negative points in my personality and its all because of my parents. The example of trust can be given that how much I am close to my parents.Next stage would be autonomy versus shame and doubt in which a child develops a sense of being a separate human being and wants oversight that everyone knows him individually. Regarding this stage there are some negative aspects of my personality that after reaching to an age of three i still was not able to go to stack by myself because i was not properly trained. So at that time this bring me shame that kids of my age are toilet trained but I am not. But on the other hand i was very much trained to do blow while I am having my food which helps me a litter handle spoon in my hand on my own.After that another stage come which is initiative versus guil t in which a child starts taking decision of his own that whether he wants to eat or not or what things he should do. This is the age which is also known as play age, when a child starts going to pre-school or nursery. In this age a child wants to start doing things on its own or wants to take risks. Like in this stage a child starts going to school and there he learns different things and skills. Like I have said my academic time has helped me a lot to develop my personality (Cash, 2002).If I have to examine something which help me further then my teacher encourages me to excel my abilities and this helped me a lot in taking decisions in my afterlife. Regarding the stage which I have picked i. e. industry versus inferiority these above developments have influenced my personality till my middle childhood stage (Cash, 2002). Conclusion If i have to say that how much influenced ericksons psychosocial stage of development has made then to me its 90% correct that whatever he gives the theory can help people to understand their children if they are facing difficulties regarding their mood, behavior or actions.Through his theory people should know that a child cannot be treated forcefully he should get full time to develop himself. Its been seen that people who went through the crisis of their premature adulthood and resolved them successfully, they who are also successful in their adolescence.REFERENCES Myers, D. G. (2009). Psychology. charge Publishers Cash, A. (2002). Psychology for Dummies. Hungry Minds Books

ICT in Organisations Essay

doorIn the Graduate School of teaching method they theatrical role m some(prenominal) contrary types of estimators for m both diverse things. Some faculty im office use their information processing systems for write long documents or allowters separates may use them for creating PowerPoint presentations for lectures. In well-nigh organisations people will use their computers for similar things, but this isnt the font in a university.Server Hardw atomic number 18There argon a number of hordes, and these all do different jobs. Each waiter is allocated a name, and this is unique everyplace the whole campus. Most of the main file servers ar held within the computer centre. This allows them to rectify any problems that may arise if a server fails. All of the main servers work on dual rockyw ar, and argon hot swappable. This means that if ane processor fails, or if one haphazard Access Memory slot fails, they argon able to step in it, without any complicate time. The only time the server would go down would be in the case of a Power Supply Unit failing, and this deal be fixed in a matter of minutes. In the computer centre all the computers ar committed to a UPS and surge protection, in the form of sockets around the centre. The surge protection will s line of longitude computer components being damaged due to a spike on the discipline grid, and the UPS will take over if at that place is a power cut. The UPS tummy provide power to the servers in the computer centre for a grand amount of time.The smaller servers all stand a small UPS, and these atomic number 18 configured to shut the server down if the power is off for any longer than 10 minutes. This means that all un saved files are saved to the hard disk.In the Graduate School of Education thither are 4 small servers, and these all do different jobs. There are 2 humanity controllers. The primary one is called Charlie and the backup is called Bravo. There are also 2 Macintosh databa se servers. One is a Mac G3 and the other is a PowerMac.In the main computer centre there are too many servers to mention here, and they are not all related to the Graduate School of Education. The ones they would use are the Student record server and the Library server. Both of these servers run on a telnet server (on port wine 23), and this allows secure access to them from inside the campus.Domain ControllersAll subdivisions in the university authenticize their own theater of operations controllers. Domain controllers are unremarkably rented or let to people by domain name hosting companies. This sometimes has an advantage, if anything goes wrong, their technical obtain staff will rectify the problem, but in a university there are plenty of qualified people that can work with domain controllers.Because all the domain controllers are kept on campus, if JANET was to go down for some flat coat, for example, the cable was dug up all the university domains would serene work. So, a clumsy fore person does not check that the area they will be digging in is clear of cables, and they begin work. They hit the break optic cable and the universitys Internet connection goes down. They will still be able to go to any of the university domains, for example, http//www.edu.qub.ac.uk or http//www.qub.ac.uk. The university cyberspace is fair self reliant in this way.A domain controller does not have to be a very fast or healthy machine, but it is ordinarily just a normal server. Here is a rough idea of the hardware and price utilise in the domain controllerHardware NameCostFull Description tear Server Case125.00Top of doLian Li PC 71 Aluminium Full-TowerBottom of turnPower Supply (High Power Output)83.90Top of breedAntec TruePower 550W PSUBottom of complianceMotherboard36.50Top of motleyAsus P4S533-MX (Socket 478) Micro ATX MotherboardBottom of FormUPS314.75Top of FormAPC Smart-UPS 1500 USB/RS-232Bottom of FormRAM 512MB74.00Top of FormCrucial 512MB DDR PC 2700 CAS 2.5Bottom of Form2 Case Fans12.00Top of FormDelta 60mm FanBottom of Form mainframe change Sink and Fan24.50Top of FormSalman CNPS7000-AlCu Ultra Quiet CPU CoolerBottom of Form40GB High Speed Hard Disk36.00Top of FormIBM/Hitachi Deskstar 7K250 40GBBottom of FormUltrium Backup System3,416.79Hewlett Packard StorageWorks Ultrium 460iPentium 4 Processor625.00Top of FormIntel Pentium 4 3.2GHz (800FSB) with HT Technology Extreme EditionBottom of FormHeat Sink fuse (High Quality)3.90Top of FormArctic Silver III Thermal multiform (3g)Bottom of FormTotal4,752.34Graphics card, monitor and other peripherals can be salvaged from older machinesAs you can retrieve from the about table, even the simplest server can cost a lot of money, the most expensive part of the server is the Uninterruptible Power Supply, but this would not need to be purchased each time a new server is bought.selective informationbase ServersThe database servers hold information on different things in the divisi on. The graduate school of education use them for dimension information on educatees and staff, like addresses and telephone numbers. It is much much trenchant than using paper to hold data. The database servers are Macintosh. They are a great deal seen as expensive, useless machines, but the Macintosh computers are much more than regnant than a conventional PC, and their main drawback is that it is difficult to obtain software for them, and no pc software is compatible with them.NetworkingThe university web is quite a defective system, and could belike be described as a Wide domain Network, because of its size, although it is really just a very large Local airfield Network. Here is a small network diagram showing how the queen Network works.Hopefully from this very simple diagram you can see how big the university really is, and how much it costs for electricity alone both year. surrounded by all the universities in the United Kingdom there is a shared Internet con nection. This is a roughage optic system. There is a slight difference between using a fiber and using copper cables. One small fibre can carry up to 1,900 phone calls. This is quite a big difference compared to 30 over one copper cable. This means that the computer users in the University will have very fast Internet access, and between other universities, it can be possible to download a full CDs outlay of data (700MB) in around 10 seconds, and that isnt with just one user using the network at that time. The speed of JANET is quite hard to measure with complete accuracy, and it is changing in speed every day. Between departments there are also fibre optic cables, as this allows more data to be transferred.Once you get into a department the fibre is brought into a hub, and from the hub to each computer you have a copper cable. This is mayhap not the most efficient way, but it is much cheaper than having a fibre optic system the whole way around the department.Looking at the diag ram above you will see that the Graduate School of Education is a small part of the university network. Here is a slightly more incidented diagram of the network in this particular sectionThe network is too large to show in much more detail than shown above. There are roughly 150 computers in this one department alone, and across campus there is anything between 2000-6000 computers connected to the network. They are all connected centrally at the main Queens hub, so from anywhere on campus you can find a route to anywhere else. Also, if for some reason the main hub failed, departments would still be able to send files to each other, as long as it did not need to leave the department.Workstations and SoftwareBecause the department is large, it may be difficult to find two computers that are the same in hardware specification. Generally they are all normal, domestic computers, although the computer lab has desktop cases instead of ATX, This does not really affect how they work. Data can be shared between all the computers using the universal directories, although only staffs have access to these. All computers are connected to the network using 3Com network cards, running on 10 Mega bits / second. This is the only real speed limitation of the network.All workstations have the Microsoft Office Suite which is part of the Microsoft Office Campus Agreement, and FrontPage and Publisher have a separate license for certain(a) departments, as these are not part of the campus agreement as a whole. They also have a copy of Symantec Antivirus, which is up meetd through the Symantec server, and this provides up to date virus protection. Staff have access to Adobe PageMaker 6.5 and Macromedia Dreamweaver.Software specificationHere is a more detailed look at the different software that the School of Education use.* Microsoft Word This has many uses. Some staff may use it to type letters and notices some may use it for typing assignments or taking minutes from a meeting students may use it for its desktop issue ability or for typing up coursework/essays.* Microsoft Excel This is Microsofts spreadsheet software and is apply in many ways also. Some staff may use it to keep track of students mount some may use it to keep track of outgoing and submission money students may use it to create graphs.* Microsoft PowerPoint This can be employ for many things as well. Some lecturers would use it for creating transparencies for lectures, but in this high technology age it would be more likely for them to use it in concurrence with a digital projector. There are a number of these on hand(predicate) to staff during the day. Students could sometimes use it for revision purposes, or for slide shows in class participation exercises.* Microsoft Publisher This is used for desktop publishing and creating transparencies for lectures.* Microsoft FrontPage This is Microsofts web design software. It is often used by many original designers, but does not rea lly have a use in the education department.* Microsoft Access This is Microsofts database package, and it is very versatile. It can be used to create macros so that on a click of a thrust you can enter large amounts of data into a database or score out old records. The macros are easy to program using Microsoft Visual BASIC.* Macromedia Dreamweaver This is passe-partout web design software used by many top end professionals. It has the capability to write many different programming languages used on web servers. Examples of these are JavaScript and PHP. It also has very good Cascading expressive style Sheet and Hyper Text Mark-up Language capabilities.* Adobe PageMaker This is professional desktop publishing software. umpteen members of staff use it to create professional looking signs and posters, and is often similar to the software used by large businesses to create flyers.many larger businesses may have their own database software written for them. Many companies like No rthbrook Technologies write these programs especially for them. It can cost thousands to get that miscellanea of software written. They often use many different programming languages, usually C++, which is very advanced and can take years to learn. As the university does not have many departments that do exactly the same thing, database software designed just for the university would cost too much, and probably push student fees up quite a considerable amount. Often Microsoft Access is more than enough to fulfil the needs of the departments requiring databases.Other HardwareThere are many different hardware devices in the university. The most expensive would probably be the digital cameras and projectors, and these may take some time to replace if they are damaged. The cheaper devices like mice, keyboards and disk drives are easily replaced, and there are many spares in the university. There are many different types of printers for sale, usually mono colour laser printers and colo ur ink jets, but there are some colour laser printers available. Printer cartridges are replaced when needed, and are purchased with discount, as they are in very large numbers. Scanners are available in computer rooms for student use.

Introduction to the microbial world history of microbiology Essay

Part A.This letter is in response to your account statement which was published in your website and broadcasted in your stations regarding Edward Jenner as the most fertile microbiologist that ever lived and hand over contributed untold to the improvement of microbiology and public health. I would kindred to make a point that several new(prenominal) scientists have contributed much to that of the works of Jenner on eradicating sm both pox virus by vaccination. He may have started the use of vaccines which led to its eradication eld later on however, it should not be mistaken to be the most significant microbiological contribution. consume an example the work of Joseph Lister on 1867 regarding antiseptics (Prescott et al., 2005). Like any other scientist during his time, works on antisepsis was not an overnight job he worked carefully and tested his theories over and over again, until such time that he perfected it (Roediger, 1990). By thoughtfully thinking of what may cause suppuration formation in surgical wounds, he experimented with rags and phenol and used it as wound dressings. Sure enough, his patients did not develop gangrene after being dressed with carbolic acid or phenol treated rags. Later on, he improved on excluding bacteria from his operating suite by internalisation of clean environment as a prerequisite in sterile surgical procedure (Lister, 1909).See more how to write an academic introductionIn modern days, Listers work on antiseptic surgery had decreased much of the deaths caused by hospital-acquired infections brought about by practicing of near experience (Pasteur and Lister, 1996). By applying his notion of the germ theory via his promotion of environmental cleanliness and sanitation, he inculcated the modern medical practitioners with standards of disease prevention that ultimately lead to lessening of major infections like tuberculosis (Osborn, 1986).Most notably, in his honor, Listerine was named after him. In recognition of his efforts, the British Medical Journal recently stated that he saved more lives by the introduction of this system than all the wars of the nineteenth century together had sacrificed (Nester et al., 2007). To conclude that Lister was more prolific than Jenner, the Jenner make up of halt Medicine in Britain was changed to its current name, the Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine (The Lister Institute).Another notable scientist is in the persona of Dr. hindquarters Snow. John Snow, in 1849 published his works entitled, On the mode of dialogue of cholera. In his research, Snow began to hypothesize that cholera was indeed transmitted by a common source, and sure enough he pin pointed it to a contaminated water pump in Broad Street (Thrus battleground, 22007). though highly criticized and much of his researches were dismissed, he neer did falter in desire out the truth.Despite of these obstacles, he never faltered to image the good qualities of an epidemiologist good et ernize keeper, determined, dedicated and highly skilled (Stanwell-Smith, 2002). A good record keeper, he was a very keen observer and he never did forgot to take into accounts this minute details that allowed him to solve the mystery of the cholera epizootic in London. Moreover, determined and dedicated to his work even though criticisms were all around him and yet a highly skilled scientist never did show attitudes that will hinder him from succeeding (Prescott et al., 2005). His works have led flock to dub him as the father of epidemiology.Sure enough, epidemiology and public health cannot have gone a million step without the initiative of the medical reanimate who was once criticized for hypothesizing something at that time which cannot be proven until later years where, the bacteria responsible for the disease was isolated. It may be another reputation of another scientist, but without Snow, nothing not even the prevention and function of the occurrence of diseases can prog ress (Stanwell-Smith, 2002).Sure enough, Jenner may have helped in improving disease prevention by first creating the vaccine and subsequent studies leading to its development, it cannot be disclosed that Lister and Snow, did more achievements in the field of microbiology and public health per se. It may be fitting to say that Jenner may be a great microbiologist, it is only proper to also have-to doe with and acknowledge other note taking efforts of these other microbiologists.Part B.In the summer of 1999, the first serviceman case of West Nile Encephalitis in the western hemisphere was documented. By the end 0f 2002, the WNV epidemic have resulted to at least a list 4,156 human cases (with 2,943 meningoencephalitis case and 284 deaths), 16,741 slain birds, 6,604 infected mosquitoes and 14,571 equine cases. This epidemic was the largest recognized arboviral meningoencephalitis epidemic in the Western Hemisphere (CDC, 2003).The VirusWestern equine encephalitis is a member of the Genus Flavivirus under the Family Flaviviridae (Tortora et al., 2007). The virions are spherical and around 50 nm in diameter. It is widely distributed throughout the Americas, especially after the onset of the epidemics in 2002. It is maintained in an endemic cycle involving domestic and passerine birds and genus Culex sp. serving as the vector host (Murphy et al., 1999 ). WNV infection in globe produces either asymptomatic infection or mild febrile disease, sometimes accompanied by rash, which should be differentiated from dengue hemorrhagic fever. The human case-fatality rate in the U.S. hasbeen 7% overall with 10% of patients having neuroinvasive WNV disease (CDC, 2003).The irruptionAlthough unknown how or when WNV was introduced into North America, international travel of infected people, significance of infected birds or mosquitoes or migration of infected birds are all possibilities and cannot be ruled out. Overwintering mosquitoes during the winter of 1999 to 2000 have b een the mode wherein the virus has propagated throughout refreshing York. It has then undergone several cycles of overwintering and by the end of 2002 has affected 44 states, including the territorial dominion of Columbia. It has now been proven that the mosquito carry the virus and have traveled initially from New York to nearby states infecting other animals, most notably humans. (CDC, 2003).Control and barroomPrevention and control of WNV encephalitis was accomplished effectively through a series of comprehensive efforts and programs including integrated pest management. It should be taken into condition that the priority prevention for this type of disease is destruction of mosquito habitats which serve as the main vector. Likewise, sanitation and water management greatly reduced the total number of cases from that of 2002 to a tolerable one. (CDC, 2003)

Importance of deadlines Essay

I hold back never worked in whatsoever job were it is acceptable to miss deadlines. Deadlines should never be disregard as they ar. I grass offer no explanation as to wherefore spate routinely complain intimately instructors who do not go along graded tests and papers when promised staff routinely complain about colleagues who bomb to smash their work on while and I have seen administrators that exactly plead with faculty, time and again, to complete long- everywheredue assessments or other cardinal work.Ill grant that in the current economic circumstances, with many academic units at many colleges, universities and branches underfunded and understaffed, faculty and staff a worry ar being asked to do more and more work with fewer people, fewer resources, and less time. except if were being honest we have to admit that the problem of faculty who ar unaccountable to deadlines is an older problem than the current economic crisis indoors academe the problem is endemic, systemic, epidemic.Regardless of the cause, when the routine, somemultiplication mundane business of the university is omit or regular just delayed, complications and stress cascade through the ranks, amplifying the problems that fissure faculty, staff, and even students must then deal with and solve. Even worse, sometimes the around rank offenders when it occurs to blowing off deadlines are senior faculty, who should, frankly, know and behave better. peerless step toward reducing the stress and work we create for others, and ourselves, might be to take more seriously the deadlines that often accompany our work, scarcely that are sometimes neglected when faculty perceive, often quite wrongly, that there are no negative consequences for missing a deadline.Some deadlines are utterly rigid, much(prenominal) as the filing dates for theses and dissertations, the sorts of deadlines that must be met if one hopes to tweak on time. These rigid deadlines are the types of bureaucrat icdeadlines that we have to navigate routinely in rig to complete graduate degrees, apply for grants, or other than navigate the complex institutions of the modern academy. Other deadlines are effectively rigid. When your subdivision chair or a fellow faculty member assigns you a task with a due date, it behooves every last(predicate) faculty members to regard those sorts of deadlines as rigid, particularly if you dont have tenure. Such deadlines might be negotiable in some circumstances, but they arent to be disregarded altogether.Blowing off your campus bookstores deadline for textbook orders, for example, may seem uniform a trivial lapse. But potentially, missing even such a apparently small deadline creates additional work for the already-swamped employees placing the orders, and it can result in higher costs for students if books have to be rush-shipped or if the window to order used texts is missed. Even though you are unlikely to suffer personally for missing the deadl ine, others may suffer.A whole other congeal of the deadlines that we pillow drive in academe are voluntary, milestones that we desexualise for ourselves in order to complete the nebulous, long-running projects that often comprise research and scholarship. Even though such self-imposed deadlines are easily, in that there is no enforcer that will come forward and punish, chastise, or cajole us if we miss them, I cypher that its generally a bad idea to miss even the deadlines that we set for ourselves. Assuming, and this is a big assumption, that the deadlines we set for ourselves are realistic.These soft deadlines cant be taken too lightly the ability, or inability, to set and meet goals without external guidance or enforcement will determine whether or not a tenure-track faculty member is able to meet expectations for studious productivity and ultimately win tenure. One of the tricks to managing these soft deadlines is learning to set goals that are both meaningful and reali stic. It is much easier said than done, and hopefully an locomote graduate student receives extensive mentorship on how to manage the research workload. Cooperative, self-policing structures like piece of music groups are one way to formalize soft deadlines and breastfeed ourselvesaccountable to ourselves and to others to complete, or at least make progress on, our long-run projects.An important part of managing our work is knowing how to differentiate between soft and rigid deadlines, and how to prioritize deadlines across all of the varieties of work required of faculty.Deadlines consequence in our interactions with students as well. My feeling is that if I am going to custody students purely accountable to a deadline, then I too take away to be accountable in similar ways. When I give my students makeup assignments, each assignment is accompanied by a specifically render series of deadlines for when drafts and peer reviews are due, a deadline for each stage of the writi ng process, each of which students are expected to meet. But my assignments also include deadlines for myself, basically promises of when I will re figure out things like graded papers.Holding students strictly to deadlines, but then failing to return work in a timely manner, come ins a message of hypocrisy to students that they immediately detect and disdain. I hold myself as accountable to self-imposed deadlines, just as I hold my students accountable. By advertising my own deadlines for tasks like grading, in this case on the writing assignment itself, I create a implement that forces me to be accountable.When it comes to interacting with colleagues, I also work hard to meet deadlines. As a junior faculty member, I never want to be the squeaky wheel, never want to be the committee member who fails to turn in work on time and holds up other people and an entire process. My unwillingness to be branded as a shirker is in addition, of course, to the glaringly obvious point that i t is simply a viridity courtesy to meet administrative deadlines. Everyone in the university has work to do, much of it important work, and failing to do our own work in a timely, master manner unnecessarily delays the work of others.There are certainly times when we realize that we will be unable to meet a deadline. If you forebode missing an externally imposed deadline, its both courteous and genuine policy to let interested parties know, sooner rather thanlater, that you may be delayed in delivering your work. Such a warning at least allows others involved in the work to improvise an accommodation. Simply allowing a deadline to steal away without a word of warning is discourteous and doesnt allow others to athletic supporter ameliorate the effects of your own delays. And missed deadlines are almost of all time noticed, even when the matter at hand may seem trivial.As you progress in your career, you may be asked to peer-review manuscripts that have been submitted to journal s in your subdiscipline. It is especially important to meet an editors deadlines when conducting reviews of manuscripts. Some disciplines have a culture of turning reviews around quickly, while other disciplines (particularly in the humanities) are notorious for a tradition of taking months, sometimes even over a year, simply to review manuscripts. As a result of check turnarounds and senior scholars who can sometimes be cavalierly unc one timerned about conducting reviews in a timely manner, junior scholars often suffer.I once had a journal hold onto an bind of mine for four months, during which time a staffer sent me a cryptic message implying that the article was undergoing review. After four months had passed, I was notified that the editor had decided not to send out the article for review, and to get rid of it outright. The editor was well within his rights to reject the article, but to take four months to do so was lazy and amateurish in the extreme, and borderline unethi cal.Secondarily, because the article had not been sent out to reviewers, but simply sat on the editors desk, I did not even have the benefit of the feedback of reviews. Those four months were time that I could have spent revising the article, or submitting it at a different journal. Unfortunately, such stories are legion, and I have heard much more egregious examples of how editors or reviewers failures to keep to a reasonable schedule have diminished the publication prospects of junior scholars.Unfortunately, we are often tasked with work that feels trivial or futile. Or meaningful work simply piles up into seemingly unmanageable stacks. Every faculty member I know feels overwhelmed at some point in the semester. Nonetheless, when we neglect to complete work in a timely manner, ourcolleagues and students sometimes suffer. Sometimes there isnt as much accountability in the academy as there should be, which is all the more reason to hold ourselves accountable

Environmental Science Final Project Essay

Earth provides us with many a(prenominal) resources to accommodate our necessitates bid food, oil/gas, minerals, and so practically more. The hassle that every finishing(predicate) countries come upm to face is atmospheric pollution, such as globular warming. globose warming is a big priority when it comes to pollution in modern clubhouse. In this paper I go forth bring to your tutelage the problems we face with globular warming, which nonliving/living factors contri thate to or be seeed by the problem, the do it has on humanitys, our current sustainability strategy, my sustainability plan, benefit and challenges of the plan, and ask government, societal, and international support. The problem with global warming is that when carbonic acid gas and other soup up-trapping emissions ar released into the propagate, they act the homogeneouss of a blanket, holding heat in our aureole and warming the planet. Overloading our atmosphere with carbon has far-reaching e ffects for stack all nigh the existence, including rising sea levels, increasing wildfires, more extreme weather, deadly heat tramps, and more severe droughts ( planetary Warming, 2013).Human activity is the biggest ratifier to global warming, for example when we use fossil fuel we are let go CO2 into the air from our vehicles and when we use it to generate electricity, CO2 nominate as well as be released when we cause deforestation. According to Gale (2013), Crowded landfills, polluted water, and poor air quality are just a few of the environmental problems that affect both industrial and developing nations. Perhaps less obvious but no less ominous a threat to the environment is the cosmopolitan increase in temperatures worldwide and the resulting humor changes. This phenomenon, known as global warming, could fetch serious proscribe effects on humans and all other living things on Earth. Global warming is a interlocking problem, and governments pay had great difficul ty deciding how to address it.First of all, we need to realize that the biggest contributor to global warming is our everyday activities.Whether it be tearaway(a) a vehicle, operating plants, deforestation, and so forth. According to Atmospheric defilement Global Warming and a Possible Use of Bio-Fuels in a extensive Scale, Global warming is causing climate changes 7-19, producing significant consequences to human society and biodiversity, such as the poles melting, with the increasing of oceans level, increasing intensity of hurricanes, extreme events, changes in rainfall patterns (floods, desertification), oceans acidification and biodiversity decreasing 20- 25.thitherfore, it can cause monumental damage to the frugal system, as described in the Stern report 26. For example in the 1999s to 2000 few areas in the United States experienced record jailbreak heat temperatures, at the beginning of this year Australia endured a heat wave that caused hundreds of fires. Most important ly here in the U.S. our society had to suffer from red ink as well because of Hurricane Katrina, people were displaced from homes and it caused billions of dollars in damages. When catastrophic events like this occur, people arent the unless ones affected. Animal life is as well, because their habitats are destroyed. As you can see everything is affected by global warming. The overconfident and negative impact global warming has on the human race can change from one year to the next depending on how practically CO2 we are emitting into the atmosphere. As of now we are emitting high levels of pollutants into the air.According to Impacts of humour Change (2013), Recent studies of how climate change dexterity affect human health expanded particularly swiftly in the 1990s, catching the assistance not only of experts but the public. Here as in or so other categories, the work was increasingly supervised not by a particular government but by international organizations, from the v enerable terra firma Health Organization to the new International Panel on humor Change (IPCC, established 1988). Yet here as in some other categories, it was becoming clear that global generalizations were of little value compared with studies at a regional level. For example, insect vectors of tropical diseases like dengue fever and malaria (which already affected half a billion people) would expand their ranges. The important impacts would be felt in developing nations, but people in the developed world tended to worry chiefly about how such diseases might spread to the temperate zones. The only positive effects I see occurring are regions that are known for having cold climates like Canada, would eventually perplex warmer weather.However, Itruly incur that positive and negative effects play hand in hand. One region in the world will have great weather, and another will be unfeignedly damaging. In order to have a balance there involve to be sustainability. At this very m oment there are thousands of cities in the U.S. that have established different programmes or projects to assistance reduce global warming issues like babys room gases. Cities are approaching sustainable intend in a variety of slipway. Some are preparing a reprint sustainability plan as a guiding document for community-wide action. Others are adopting climate action plans that focus on strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by energy conservation and other activities. Still others are incorporating the c oncept of sustainability in their comprehensive plans, either by adding an element to an existing plan or by making sustainability the overarching theme for a complete revamping of their plan (embracement Sustainability In corporation Plans, 2010).For example, in some communities here in the articulate I live in are encouraging people to cycle glass, cardboard, and plastic. While other communities or newly built subdivisions are get-up-and-go people towards energy conservation like getting energy economical appliances. Most contractors here are actually selling homes that are weaponed with energy efficient appliances, to promote energy conservation. Bike paths are being designated in towns where people can travel from their home to parks or grocery stores. If we all contribute to being a part of anyone of these projects, its answer may be rewarding to not only us, but also our environment. As far as my plan goes to sustain the amount of greenhouse gases, is to start within my own home before I test to encourage the community to follow my plan. There are several ways I could reduce the amount of emission my family and I contribute to. We could be more energy efficient by updating our home like putting new windows in, upgrading our appliances, our heating and cooling system, and our lighting by means ofout the home.in one case I have completely updated our home, I plan to track how much money I saved in six months and compare it to the las t six months prior to renovations. The purpose of doing this will help me encourage others to go green in their homes. Secondly, I need to consider riding a bike to work or to the park when permitted by the weather. This activity however, I would like to encourage friends and neighbors to have a bike day once a workweek during summer to convince them that there are better ways to protect ourenvironment and our health. The third project I would like to do is encourage my husband and his fellow coworkers to carpool to work, instead of taking discern vehicles. By using one vehicle they will be reduce the amount of greenhouse gases into the air versus the amount of emission five cars will give off. Lastly, I would like to start a recycling program for waste product that can be recyclable like cardboard, plastic, aluminum, and glass. I would like to get the whole town involved in this. There is a town that is close to mine that contracts through a slobber company that gives incentiv es to their customers who recycle. They give the customer two garbage cans one for waste and the other for recyclable material.For those who recycle, receive a brush aside off their utility bill. This is a project that I would sincerely confide to accomplishing, because everyone wins in this. The environment, the discounts we get, and the garbage company. However, with plans there will always be challenges and barriers that I will need to overcome like the recycling project. I would have to talk to the city, the local garbage company, and possibly even higher means to come up with a plan that will work for everyone. This is a process that will take a long era to accomplish. red ink green in my home will be challenging because projects like this dont happen all at one day. some other challenge is not everyone in the community will always have a bike. In this case, I could possibly do one week as bicycle day and another as a walkathon. Although there may be challenges that I may face the benefits to this would be much greater in the end, because it will motivate others, money will be saved, and the environment will look healthier. In order to achieve a goal as important as this one, we would need to have everyone on board such as our government, city officials, businesses, and the residence in the community. It only takes a few voices to be comprehend, but I would also flummox a research program locally or globally to help encourage those that need the encouragement on how badly greenhouse gases are affecting our world and local environments.Once our voices are publicly heard it will promote our sustainability project, and people maybe open minded to the idea. devoted all these points on how greenhouse gases effect the environment, how do you currently feel about the issue? Because in all honesty, there was a time when I did not even have a clue on how greenhouse gases drastically effected the environment nor did I plan on reading about it. We need to k eep in mindthat what we do today is going to affect us tomorrow, three years from now, and move forward into the future. We know that greenhouse gases is a problem, everyone /everything contributes to and is affected by it, the positive and negative effects, current sustainability strategies, my sustainability plan, the benefits/challenges, and lastly the support that is needed to achieve a sustainable program.Reference PageGlobal Warming. (2013). Retrieved from http//www.ucsusa.org/global_warming/global_warming_101/ Sthel, M. S., Tavares, J. R., Lima, G. R., Moth, G. G., Schramm, D. S., Da Silva, M. G., & Castro, M. P. (2009). Atmospheric Pollution Global Warming and a Possible Use of Bio-Fuels in a Wide Scale. International Review Of Chemical Engineering Rapid Communications, 1(6), 564-570. Global Warming. Opposing Viewpoints Online Collection. Detroit Gale, 2013. Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 12 Oct. 2013. Embracing Sustainability in Community Plans. (2010). Retrieved fr om http//www.clarionassociates.com/pdfs/herman-sustainability-community.pdf