Problems of Library Automation in Africa Essay Example for Free

Problems of library Automation in Africa EssayIn 1981, IBM introduced its personal computer (PC) for use in the home, office and schools. antecedent to that time, at that place had been several MS-DOS compatible personal computers that ran DOS programs. As computers became much widespread in the workplace (ie. an independent agents office), newways to unleash their potential amazeed. As smaller computers became much powerful, they could be linked together, or networked, to sh atomic number 18 memory space, software and in mixed bagation, and communicate with each early(a).So where does the policy labor scratch the mechanisation picture?A word from our sponsorWhats so difficult more or less combining personal and commercial umbrella coerage? Not much. Get a quote online this instantIndependent agents pee come a long way in using technology over the past 20 years. From the early 1980s through the mid-1990s, independent agents for the most part used PC-based automation systems to boost efficiency and cut costs.Since 1970, ACORD, a not-for-profit standards-setting association for the insurance exertion, has been involved in automation. The association is comprised of carriers, agents, vendors, firmness generaters, associations and other interested parties. We arent the ones who built the automation system, said Carolyn Cal Durland, managing director of Standards for ACORD. What we did and still do is provide standards-Forms and Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) upon which the vendors or solution providers base their automation systems. She explained that to find out how the manufacture became modifyd, one must look to the vendors and solution providers.In 1972, the first ACORD form, a property loss notice, went into use. Today, ACORDs standards include Forms, AL3 (Automation Level 3), XML, OLife and ObjX. The Forms are point of sale, data collection vehicles, AL3 is ACORDs EDI standard (or machine-to-machine, business-to-business, data transm itting formats or components), OLife is a data integration standard and ObjX is much more than EDI.In the 1980s-when the number of PCs in use increased dramatically-ACORD members asked for standardized electronic transmissions between the agentscomputers and the carriers computers.The industry has come to ACORD to consolidate efforts to eliminate duplication of work, Durland said. For example, without one approved, countrywide ACORD application, all of the 2,400-plus insurance carriers would have to have their own form. And the vendors or solution providers who automate those forms would have to customize each form.Now that ACORD and the industry are working hand-in-hand, there is one form accepted and used by m whatsoever of those carriers. In addition, the vendors or solution providers have the option to get going licensed by ACORD to redistribute the Forms. ACORD provides them with toolsto print the ACORD Forms, Durland said. ACORDs Forms efforts have stripped the costs out of t his statistical distribution channel.According to Durland, in the same manner that the industry came together with ACORD to do Forms, they have also worked to develop EDI Standards. Through our subcommittee process and strict compliance to anti-trust guidelines, we bring together carriers, agents, vendors, solution providers and other interested parties to discuss what is needed to transmit the data collected, she said.Change is goodThe industry on the whole, accord to Durland, is slow to gift changes, although there are some carriers that have the resources to be on the leading edge of technology.The beginning was a bit archaic. Carriers realized the benefits of automation and developed proprietorship systems that they placed in the agents offices, Durland said. This resulted in the agents having to physically go from one terminal to another to interface with the carriers automating their process.With the inception of the agency management vendors and ACORDs standards implement ed in those systems, the agents were conceptually able to eliminatethose proprietary terminals and work through one system. This concept called SEMCI, Single entry Multiple Company Interface, allowed the agents to keep the data in one place and transmit it electronically to any of the carriers it was licensed to represent, Durland explained.One step forward, two steps backTen years ago, when Durland joined ACORD, there were many an(prenominal) agency management systems attempting to enable SEMCI. Today, due to acquisitions and mergers, there are three primary vendors and a few smaller ones, she said. SEMCI is still the goal for the agents and the carriers. However, with the inception of Web enabled processes, the carriers-in an effort to streamline their costs-reverted back to proprietary applications.Those leading edge carriers put up Web sites that required the agent to go to the site and enter the information. So instead of going to a separate terminal in their office, they no w had to connect to a Web site and rekey the data that was already in their databases.This resulted in the acceptance of the new standard XML. XML is a standard that enables connectivity between Web applications and agency management systems, in addition to business-to-business, business-to-customer, etc., Durland said.The goal to secure SEMCI, according to Durland, can still happen with the implementation of XML. Plus it broadens the avocation partner base to be more than the agent to insurance carrier, she said.A push for implementationIn the 1990s, implementation guides were written and a corroboration process was developed. Today, there are more than 12,000 upload and 40,000 download implementations using AL3 standards. AL3 continues to evolve and there are new implementations every day, including using AL3 standards over the Internet.Ever since the dawn of the industrys automation, forms standardization act and still continues to be an important focus for ACORD as the standar ds-setting association works with many different trading partners within the industry.Today there are roughly 400 ACORD forms. And although its important to note how many forms there are, what is even more important to note is the fact that these ACORD forms have eliminated or prevented 80,000 proprietary forms-saving the industry millions of dollars.Communicating on a global basisAccording to Durland, ACORD has staff dedicated to building relationships with other standards-setting organizations. The fact is, the industry handles business on a global basis, so it just makes sense that the goal is to be able to communicate on a global basis.As an example, Durland pointed out that carriers write coverage for properties owned by people all over the world. In turn, these carriers work with other carriers or reinsurers to package the exposure.When asked why it is so important for the industry to be automated, Durland said, Automation strips costs out of workflows. Simply put, to save have to go to one place for information and to be able to service customers quickly and efficiently is key.For example, the agent and carrier agree to indemnify the customer if they have a loss which is covered on a lower floor their policy. The customer pays a fee based on that promise. When the loss occurs, they want someone to handle it like a shotto be given information on the progression of the resolution and be paid or have the item replaced ASAP, Durland said.Automation makes it possible.With the technology and automation available to us today, the opportunities to share information are unlimited, Durland said. The industry realizes that and is working together to figure out how to communicate electronicallywith each other.